Sept.  1,  189G.] 
211 
Supplemont  to  the  " Tropical  Agriculturist.'’ 
growers  of  Ceylon.”  lie  informed  u.s,  further, 
Mmt  tiic  machine,  which  costs  ■ one  guinea  in 
England,  can  be  sent  by  parcel  post  for  about 
5 shillings. 
That  a beginning  h.as  been  made  of  Entomo- 
logical work  in  Ceylon  is  a matter  to  be  tliank- 
ful  for.  The  co-operation  of  foreign  e itomologists  is 
not  wanting,  and  we  ourselves  have  received  letters 
from  Jingland  with  reference  to  entomological  re- 
search in  the  island.  Miss  Eleanor  Ormerod,  writ- 
ing to  ns  a few  years  ago,  strongly  ni'ged  the 
necessity  for  noting  down  the  habits  of  the  most 
injurious  insects  in  the  island,  and  collecting 
these  notes  in  a report  with  figures  and  correct 
scientific  names  as  well  as  popular  names  ; giving 
ns  the  .a.ssurance  “If  I could,  I would  most  gladly 
lielp  you.”  Lately,  came  a request  from  Mr.  G.  E. 
Strawson  for  information  as  regards  insect  and 
fungoid  pests,  with  the  remark,  “Tlie  request  I 
make  would  probably  prove  of  advantage  to  your 
growers,  as  I devote  the  whole  of  my  time  to  these 
subjects,  and  1 should  like  to  have  the  fullest 
information  as  to  what  is  going  on  in  Ceylon.’ 
A fresh  demand  would  appear  to  have  arisen  for 
ploughs,  not  for  use  in  paddy  land,  but  on  coconut 
estates  particularly.  During  a late  tour  in  the 
Kiirunegala  district  we  saw  a number  of  Englisli 
ploughs  which  are  drawn  by  elei)hants  on  one  of 
the  many  estates  belonging  to  the  De  Soysa  family 
in  that  district.  On  ai)])lication  for  ploughs  being 
made  to  the  Scliool  of  Agriculture,  some  of  the 
larger  implements  which  were  given  a trial  in  the 
early  days  of  the  school  and  found  too  heavy  for 
work  on  paddy  land,  were  sold  with  the  sanction 
of  Government.  A coconut  j)lanter  in  the  Kurune- 
gala  district  ])urcha.sed  fonr  Swedish  ploughs,  and 
another  in  the  Mirigaina  district  tooh  over  three 
turn-wrest  ploughs.  Since  then  a planter  in 
Nuwara  Eliya  has  taken  a couple  of  ploughs  on  loan 
for  use  in  the  cultivation  of  corn  as  food  for  sheep. 
We  have  had  some  light  ploughs  made  locally. 
Weighing  about  21  lbs.,  and  costing  less  than  Klo, 
which  liave  w^orked  and  worn  well  at  the 
school. 

THE  i:<SPECTION  OP  MEAT— II. 
13y  G.  AV.  Stuiigi?.ss,  m.r.c.y..s.,  &c..  Government 
Veterinary  Surgeon. 
{Continued.) 
Horse  Pi-ESu 
is  rather  coarser  in  texture  than  beef,  dryer, 
and  darker  in  colour.  It  has  rather  a sw'eet  taste, 
and  it  po-sses-es  a peculiar  sickly  odour  which 
becomes  more  ])i'onouncod  in  two  or  three  day.s. 
Sometimes  the  bones  are  taken  out  in  order  to 
deceive  people  and  make  it  n'.'jemhle  beef,  the 
term  “Honed  1 lovselle.sh  ” heiiig  then  apjilied. 
The  fat  is  a very  gooil  guide  being  of  a deeper 
yellow  colour  and  softer  in  consistence  than  the 
fat  of  the  ox. 
It  is  not  unlit  for  food  when  fresh  and  the 
animal  healthy  previous  to  death.  On  the  Conti- 
nent it  is  largely  consumed  as  food,  and  to  a great 
extent  in  .some  of  the  large  towns  in  England. 
It  is  allowed  to  be  sold,  but  the  person  selling 
must  put  up  a notice  to  that  effect  over  his  shop 
printed  in  letters  not  less  than  four  inches  long, 
^t  is  illegal  to  sell  it  for  any  oilier  tlesh. 
Regarding  the  age  of  the  animal  a note  may 
not  be  out  of  place.  If  the  carcase  is  whole  (wdth 
the  head  on)  of  course  indication  of  the  age  is 
afforded  by  the  teeth,  otherwise  only  an  approxi- 
mate estimate  can  be  formed  from  the  appearance 
of  the  bones.  In  rather  young  animals  the  bones 
are  comparatively  larger,  the  ends  more  expanded, 
and  they  are  softer  and  more  easily  ent  than  in 
older  animals.  Also,  they  are  slightly  darker  red 
in  colour,  esjjecially  at  the  ends.  In  the  case  of 
poultry  the  leg  bones  break  more  easily  in  young 
than  in  old,  and  the  beak  is  not  so  hard  and  tough 
as  in  older  birds. 
Marketable  and  Unmarketable  Jlcsk. 
I'lesh  may  be  said  to  be  unmarketable  wdieii  it 
presents  any  abnormal  appearance,  although  it 
may  not  be  nntit  for  food.  It  may  be  used  pri- 
vately. Por  instance,  a comparatively  thin  circase 
might  be  consumed  privately,  but  should  not  be 
exposed  for  sale  to  the  public.  In  one  part  of  the 
country  flesh  is  eaten  that  would  be  refused  in 
another.  Any  flesh  that  is  likely  to  produce  harm- 
ful results  in  human  beings  should  be  condemned, 
also  the  flesh  of  any  animal  that  has  suffered  from 
any  disease  transmissible  to  maii. 
Flesh  that  should  be  Omdemned. 
The  flesh  of  an  animal  that  has  suffered  from 
inflammation  of  any  important  organ,  esp>ecially 
where  it  has  led  to  mortification,  or  from  Pyaemia, 
septicaemia,  poisoning),  Erysipelas,  uraemia, 
(m  ine  poisoning).  Anthrax,  variola,  (cow-pox  or 
sheep])Ox),  Trichiniasis  (a  disease  caused  by  minute 
worms  lodged  in  the  muscular  tissue,  especially 
in  the  pig). 
Plesh  of  animals  that  have  suffered  from 
Glanders  or  Farcy,  and  from  Hydatid  disease 
(resulting  from  tapeworms  where  little  bladders 
containing  a clear  or  straw-coloured  fluid  are 
found  in  the  internal  organs  and  tissues)/  advanced 
stages  of  sirine  fever,  cancerous  diseases,  tuberculosis 
(or  cor.sumption)  ; flesh  shewing  advanced  stages  of 
muscular  disease,  or  that  has  undergone  putrefac- 
tion ; or  flesh  that  gives  evidence  of  dropsy. 
The  administration  of  certain  medicines  to 
animals  imparts  an  odour  to  the  flesh  and  renders 
it  unfit  for  sale  ; for  example,  such  medicines  as 
ether  and  turpentine  give  their  characteristic  odour 
to  the  flesh  of  an  animal  that  died  or  is  killed  soon 
after  a few  doses. 
In  the  examination  of  meat  the  internal  organs 
must,  if  possible,  always  be  obtained  and  their 
condition  compared  with  that  of  the  flesh. 
There  are  vnri  ms  other  organs  and  glands, 
whose  examination  is  of  the  greatest  importance, 
such  for  instance  as  the  Lymphatic  glands  and 
the  Ilaemolymph  glands  in  certain  animals.  These 
can  only  be  found  and  examined  by  an  expert, 
and  i.heir  eidarged,  softened,  discoloured  or  drop- 
sical ajipearance  determined  by  those  conversant 
vfith  I he  healthy  or  normal  appx^arance. 
The  lle.sh  should  be  carefully  examined  for 
dro])sy,  any  undue  moistness  exciting  suspicion. 
Lining  the  inside  of  the  cavity  of  the  chest  and 
the  abdominal  cavity  a thin  glistening  membrane 
will  be  found.  It  is  nearly  transparent  when 
healthy  and  slightly  moist  when  the  animal  is 
freshly  killed.  In  cases  of  pleurisy  or  tuberculosis 
this  membrane  is  generally  diseased. 
In  ])leurisy  it  becomes  thickened,  opaque-red 
in  colour,  or  it  may  be  covered  with  coagulated 
