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OTHER  ECONOMIC  SOLAN  ACE?E 
OF  INDIA. 
[ Bv  YOClK  -DltACRI  GhOSA,  OF  THE  AgKI- 
Horticultural  Society  of  Inuia.] 
Of  the  numerous  Solunuccce  found  in  India,  Nees 
von  Esenbeck  in  bis  synopsis  of  Indian  Bolanaccic 
counts  tiboui  45  species  as  indigenous  to  India. 
Koyle,  in  his  illustrations,  does  not  mention  more 
than  44  species,  which,  excluding  the  Himalayan 
species,  reduces  the  number  for  the  plains  to 
about  33  ; the  Himalayan  species  being — 
1.  Lycium  europceum.  | 6.  S.  crassipetalum 
2.  Atropa  acuminata.  | 7.  S.  rubrurn. 
3.  Hyoscyainus  niger.  | 8.  Physalis  angulata. 
4.  Solannm  Inxum.  | 9.  Datura  ferox. 
5.  S.  Lysimachoides.  | 10.  Amisodus  luridus. 
According,  therefore  to  these  auihorities,  we  can 
rely  upon  27  species  cf  Solannm,  three  of  Physalis, 
and  three  of  Datura  as  tropical.  But  there  are 
several  oth<  r species  of  this  order,  although  not 
recognised  by  the  earlier  authors  as  indigenous  to 
India,  or  more  accurately,  to  the  plains  of  India. 
For,  barring  few  exceptions,  a great  many  species, 
which  have  beerr  knowrr  to  have  beerr  introduced 
in  the  plains  from  foreign  countries,  are  neverthe- 
less found  to  be  growing  wild  irr  the  colder  regions 
and  higher  latitudes.  If  by  India  we  limit  orsrselvea 
to  the  plains  or  even  to  the  peninsula,  the  state- 
ment about  indigenous  and  introduced  plants  is 
correct.  But  if  irr  the  terrrr  Ir.dia  we  include  the 
Hiirralayan  ranges,  we  must  hesitate  before  we  de- 
clare a particular  species  as  not  indigenous.  A 
species  rrray  have  been  introduced  to  the  plains 
from  foreign  countries,  say  the  Dahlia.  All  our 
garden  Dahlia  bulbs  are  received  from  Europe,  but 
that  is  no  sufficient  reason  to  say  that  the  Dahlia 
is  not  indigenous  for  Dahlias  are  pretty  common 
irr  the  hills,  and  at  places  where  they  could  not 
have  been  introduced.  Many  indigenous  plants  and 
seeds  or  bulbs  of  plants,  though  quite  common  in 
the  country,  are  annually  imported,  because  better 
results  are  obtained  from  plant  ^ raised  from  imported 
seeds.  It  has  not  unoften  been  urged  that,  because 
there  is  not  to  be  ordinarily  found  a Sanskrit  name 
for  a plant,  it  must  be  an  introduced  one.  But 
the  reverse  of  this  proposition  would  not  hold  true,  for 
we  know  we  have  a Sanskrit  name  for  tobacco, 
tdmraknfa,  but  nevoriheless  it  is  admittedly  an 
introduced  pbiiit.  The  same  may  be  said  of  many 
others.  On  the  other  hand,  coffee  was  ordinarily- 
believed  to  have  been  unknown  to  the  Hindoos: 
at  least  the  beveiago  produced  by  the  infusion  of 
the  roasted  berries.  In  the  Vedas,  however,  a 
beverage  is  mentioned;  which  is  said  to  have  been 
used  for  keeping  off  sleep,  and  which  was  much 
sought  for  by  the  gamblers  of  the  time.  It  is 
said  to  ba^e  been  prepared  from  the  seeds  of  a 
berry  named  liibhidaka,  its  other  name  being 
Jdpdra  the  Wakeful,  which  grows  in  the  casis  of 
the  Desert.  The  use  of  coffee  as  a beverage  must 
have  been  forgotten,  until,  introduced  by  the  Arabs 
under  the  name  of  kan;a,  who  brought  the  berries 
from  their  own  country,  not  knowing  that  they 
were  indigenous  to  India.  The  cultivation  of  the 
coffee  plants  dates  from  still  later  time,  but  not- 
withstanding all  this,  it  would  not  be  fair  to  say 
t'uat  the  coffee  species  is  an  introduced  plant. 
'The  ancient  Hindoos,  even  in  the  Vedio  age,  or 
at  least  in  the  ages  of  the  Sutras  and  Sinrtis  were 
aware  of  introduced  and  foreign  plants,  and  in 
certain  observances  they  have  disallowed  foreign 
articles.  However,  be  that  as  it  may,  following 
the  authorities,  there  altogether  33  species,  a few 
and  a very  few  of  them  are  economically  known, 
the  rest  being  of  interest  to  the  botanist  or  the 
naturalist. 
The  foremost  of  the  Solanaceas  are  the  Capsi- 
cum or  Chillies,  sometimes  known  as  Cayenne- 
pepper.  Botanically,  six  species  of  this  sub-genus 
pertain  to  India  either  as  indigenous  or  as  domes- 
ticated and  cultivated.  The  whole  of  this  family 
