10 
Proceedings of the Royal Society 
deputies unanimously awarded to him the pomp and ceremony of a 
State funeral, thus magnifying his name and his example. 
He was worthy of the exceptional honour which France paid to 
his memory, and his name and his work will last while medical 
science endures. 
Happily for France, his mantle has worthily fallen on Brown- 
S^quard, Paul Bert, Vulpian, Marey, and Moreau, who have already 
amply proved themselves worthy of so great a master. 
We have to record the death of another Honorary Fellow of the 
Society — Elias Magnus Fries, a distinguished Professor of Botany 
in the University of Upsala, in Sweden. He was horn at Smaland 
in August 1794, and died at Upsala on the 8th of February 1878. 
His father was pastor at Femsjo, and was fond of botanical pursuits. 
Even at an early period of life young Fries accompanied his father 
on botanical rambles. During one of them he picked a very showy 
species of Hydnum, which seems to have turned his mind to the 
study of Agarics and other fungi. 
Fries was one of the great promoters of Scandinavian science. 
His works embraced all departments of botany, but his attention 
was specially directed to Lichens and Fungi. His early studies were 
prosecuted at a school in Wexio. In 1811 he became a pupil at 
the University of Lund, where he studied under Schwartz, Agardh, 
and Betzius. In 1814 he was chosen Docent of Botany. At this 
time he published his first work, entitled “ Hovitiee Floras Suecicse.” 
In 1847 he was elected a member of the Boyal Academy of Sweden, 
and in 1851 he became Professor of Botany in the University of 
Upsala, vacant by the resignation of Wahlenberg. This chair he 
continued to occupy until within a few years of his death. He 
continued to publish works in the Scandinavian language, specially 
on Mycology and Lichenology, up to 1874. The state of Fries’ 
health did not permit him to join the great celebration of the 400th 
anniversary of the University of Upsala in September 1877. He 
presented some of his foreign botanical friends with copies of his 
photograph on the occasion. His son is now Professor of Botany 
at Upsala. In the Eoyal Society’s Catalogue of Scientific Papers 
there are enumerated eighty-five separate publications by Fries, 
extending from the year 1816 to the year 1874. 
