Proceedings of the Royal Society 
388 
Philistia was commenced and carried successfully to the southern 
limit of the map at Gaza. The site of Adullam and of the famous 
cave of the same name was determined for the first time, the ruins j 
of Ascalon were examined, and the sites of Ekron, Gath, Ashdod, 
and Jamnia surveyed. The work was comparatively easy in this open 
and cultivated district, and the total area surveyed was thus quickly 
raised to 4500 square miles. 
After a month’s rest at Jerusalem the party marched northwards 
in July, and the survey of Lower Galilee was commenced, including 
the line of levels from the Mediterranean, which necessitated an 
encampment close to an unhealthy swamp north of Nazareth. 
The expedition then moved northwards to Safed, the intention 
being to carry on the work until the winter in the mountains of 
Upper Galilee, leaving only the upper Jordan valley and the plain 
of Phoenicia to be completed in the spring of 1876. 
Unfortunately the work was for a time completely stopped by a 
combination of difficulties. The party was attacked on the 10th of 
July by a mob of fanatics at Safed, and for a short time was in 
considerable danger; the prompt assistance sent by the Turkish 
Governor rescued us just as resistance began to become no longer 
possible, but scarcely a member of the expedition escaped without 
more or less serious injury. 
It was impossible after this to carry on the work until the 
assailants had been punished, and the party consequently retreated 
to Carmel. The principal offenders were tried and imprisoned, and 
a fine of £270 was inflicted on the town. At this time, however, 
the whole expedition succumbed to fever, partly due to the 
injuries received, and a serious outbreak of cholera throughout 
Syria rendered it prudent to withdraw the party from the country. 
The members of the expedition continued to suffer from fever on 
their return to England, and the field work was consequently 
suspended during 1876. In 1877, as my own health continued to 
be unsatisfactory, it was considered best to divide the party. 
Half of the expedition was sent out under Lieutenant Kitchener, to 
complete the 1300 square miles which remained to be surveyed ; the 
other half was retained under my direction, to work out in London 
the results already obtained, representing four fifths of the whole 
work. 
