395 
of Edinburgh^ Session 1879 - 80 . 
the Haram Wall at Jerusalem not previously examined, where 
buttresses of ancient masonry are built at intervals. The interval 
from centre to centre was 160 inches or 10 cubits, and the dimen- 
tions of many of the great stones are in the same way multiples of 
a unit of 1 6 inches, which it is thus natural to conclude represents 
very closely the length of the medium Jewish cubit. 
The limits of the present paper will not allow of any account of 
the exploration of Jerusalem. The survey of that city had been 
previously executed in 1864, by Col. Wilson, R.E., and the 
excavations of Captain Warren, RE., had placed the topographical 
controversies on an entirely new footing. A certain amount of 
additional information was collected by the survey party, including 
150 observations of the rock-levels in the city, which have an 
important bearing on some of the disputed questions, but the subject 
is too large to be further noticed in this paper. 
As has been already stated, the identification of ancient sites, 
especially those connected with biblical history, formed one of the 
principal objects contemplated in undertaking the Palestine survey. 
The results in this field of research have been perhaps more satis- 
factory than could have been expected. About 170 new identifica- 
tions have resulted from the survey, and it is satisfactory to be able 
to say that most of these have been well received by students of the 
subject, and pronounced valuable by good authorities. The number 
represents about two-fifths of the total of biblical sites now identified, 
the remainder being the results of the labours of the famous travellers 
Burckhardt, Robinson, Vandevelde, and others. 
Among the places thus newly recovered, or concerning which 
fresh information has been collected by the survey party, may be 
mentioned the royal Canaanite cities of Hazor and Debir, Adullam, 
Lachish, and Megiddo, with the New Testament towns Emmaus and 
Salem. New information has also been collected as to Capernaum, 
which the survey officers are inclined to place at the site proposed 
by Dr Robinson, called Minieh , rather than at the traditional site of 
Tell Hitm. It would, however, be impossible to enter at length into 
the various interesting questions connected with these sites. 
A single example of a survey identification may, however, be 
noticed in conclusion of this paper, as being perhaps the most 
interesting result of the survey of Palestine, namely, the recovery of 
vol. x. 
