of Edinburgh, Session 1879-80. 
461 
Ciona flemingi, n. sp. 
External appearance. — Shape somewhat pyriform, elongated ; 
anterior end wide, posterior much narrower, forming a short stalk 
turned ventrally and attached to a fragment of nullipore by the 
extremity of its right side. Apertures at the anterior end, inconspicu- 
ous ; the branchial near the ventral edge, the atrial near the dorsal 
edge. They are equally far forward, the most anterior point being 
placed between them. Surface smooth. Colour light-grey. Length, 
2*2 cm. ; breadth, 8 mm. 
Test thin, soft, almost gelatinous, transparent ; vessels few. 
Mantle normal ; musculature rather feebly developed, consisting 
chiefly of a few straight bundles running longitudinally. 
Branchial sac rather thick, small and shrunken looking ; internal 
longitudinal vessels coarse and strong, much crumpled, bearing knob- 
like papillae at their intersections with the transverse vessels ; no inter- 
mediate papillae ; stigmata elongate-elliptical, two or three in a mesh. 
Dorsal lamina reduced to a series of short tusk-like languets. 
Tentacles simple, all one length, twelve in number. 
Olfactory tubercle heart-shaped. 
Viscera : extending beyond the branchial sac posteriorly. 
A single specimen labelled “Off Gomera, 75 fins.” 
( Pachychloena , n. sub-gen. of Ascidia.) 
Pachychlcena oblonga , n. sp. 
External appearance. — Shape irregularly oblong, widest about the 
middle, narrowing somewhat towards the anterior end, which is 
obtuse and flattened ; posterior end rather drawn out, attached to the 
interior of a large Gardium , which is in a three-quarters closed con- 
dition, constricting the test of the ascidian. Branchial aperture not 
terminal, placed on the right side near the ventral edge and about one- 
fifth of the distance to the mouth of the shell ; it is directed ventrally 
posteriorly and to the right. Atrial aperture on the right side, near 
the dorsal margin and slightly anterior to the branchial aperture ; it 
is directed dorsally and anteriorly. Seen from the ventral aspect it 
seems as if the anterior end had been bent over towards the right 
side, thus accounting for the lateral position of the branchial aperture. 
