600 Proceedings of the Royal Society 
numerous rolled masses of rock occurring, which are not found in situ , 
but only in distant localities. 
“ On the coasts of Linlithgow and Mid-Lothian, in the valleys of 
the Pentlands and on their acclivities, and on the flanks of the 
Lammermuirs and Moorfoot range, we easily detect rolled fragments 
of granite, syenite, porphyry, mica slate, gneiss, quartz-rock, and 
varieties of greywacke, which are met with only in the central dis- 
tricts of Scotland, while an examination of them shows that they 
decrease both in magnitude and frequency, as we advance southward ; 
a fact indicating that the aqueous currents (for to such only can 
they be referred) diminished in intensity as they were removed from 
the central parts of the island.” 
Professor Nicol of Aberdeen (in the “ London Geological Society’s 
Journal” for 1848, vol. v. p. 23) refers to “ one angular block of 
mica slate, near Habbie’s How, on the Pentlands, weighing (according 
to a measurement I made) 6 or 8 tons. Farther west, I found 
another block, also angular, of the same sort, weighing about J of a 
ton. When it is considered that these masses must have been carried 
upwards of 40 miles, floating ice seems to be the only agent to which 
their transport can be ascribed. Blocks of a smaller size are very 
common; — some are of kinds of rock which I have never seen in 
Scotland. On one hill, 1500 to 1600 feet high, I found these 
travelled stones particularly abundant, and apparently increasing in 
number from below upwards. In some places they appeared to 
form broad bands running nearly in straight lines from N.N.W. to 
S.S.E., and without any reference to the present declivity of the 
ground, except becoming more numerous towards the summit of the 
ridge. These blocks consisted chiefly of trap rocks, especially 
basalt ; the hill on which they rested being a red felspar or clay- 
stone porphyry.” 
3. On 29th Oct. 1879, the island of Inchkeith was visited, under 
the guidance of Colonel Moggridge, R.E. , superintending the erection 
of fortifications there. The rocks consist chiefly of basalt and 
porphyry intruded among the Coal-measures of Fife and Mid- 
Lothian. In various places the rocks are covered with beds of 
boulder -clay, gravel, and occasionally sand. The inspector of works 
(Mr Beck) mentioned that at the east end of the island, when 
removing a bed of shingle (about 60 feet above the sea), he 
