606 Proceedings of the Royal Society 
but a district at various heights above the sea from 20 to 600 feet 
or more. 
The boulders seem to increase in size and number the nearer they 
are to the parent rocks. 
In the accounts given of these boulders it will be seen that those 
which are somewhat elongated in shape, have their longer axis lying 
N.W. and S.E., and that where strise occur, either on boulder-clay or 
on rocks, these striae lie in the same direction (pp. 46, 60, 61, 64). 
The conglomerate boulders are chiefly referred to, because they are 
the most numerous, and the position of their parent rocks is best 
known. But the other boulders of the district — granites, Silurians, 
and porphyries, — all yield confirmatory testimony, as will be seen 
from the positions of their parent rocks, and also their own position. 
One other feature in this district may be mentioned, viz., the 
direction in which the gravel-beds have been by some means scoured 
out, leaving escars or kaims. Thus (1) at and near Bucklyvie (10 
miles west of Stirling) there are three elongated knolls of gravel, 
sand, and boulders, lying in an E. and W. direction, reaching a height 
of from 60 to 70 feet above the adjoining district. 
(2) . On Blair-Drummond lands, there is a knoll composed 
chiefly of sandstone rock, but partially covered with gravel. It 
is known by the classical name of the Kaidds’ Knoll, given prob- 
ably by Lord Karnes, a former proprietor. It is in length 90 yards, 
and in extreme height about 50 feet, with a width of about 40 yards 
at its greatest width, which is near the east end. The direction 
of the longer axis of this knoll is W.N.W. and E.S.E. At the 
head of the valley towards the west, the lowest level is what is called 
the Pass of Bolat, and that point bears W.K.W. from the knoll. The 
rock of the knoll is a soft red sandstone, which could have been 
worn into its present shape by a current flowing through the pass in 
an easterly direction. 
(3) . About 2 miles south of Stirling, there is a gravel hill called 
Coxit. Its length is about J of a mile, and its greatest width 300 
yards. Its height is from 80 to 100 feet. Its longer axis runs 
about N.W. and S. E. A current flowing from the westward down 
the valley upon Stirling Castle rocks, might have had a branch 
diverted towards the S.E., and have scoured out the drift deposits, 
as it flowed near St Ninians and Sauchie, leaving Coxit Hill as a 
