;fi8.] 123 
mtained hundreds of the perfect insect ready to emerge on the approach of 
)ring, and but for the fall of the tree would have made their burrows in it again ; 
it now they have all left it, so that last week I had difficulty in finding a 
jecimen. E. fraxmi, of which odd specimens only were to be found during the 
inter, now on the contrary abounds in it. The parent galleries of H. crenatus are 
'oportionally much shorter than those of H. fraxini, and more frequently consist 
only one branch, the male and female both entering the burrow as with 
.fraxini, but the male usually leaving before the gallery is quite completed. The 
jg are fewer than with fraxini, and laid in a deeper cavity, and so thickly covered 
ith a layer of frass as to require looking for. 
H. crenatus appear to be generally distributed in this district, but is hardly 
sely to prove very destructive ; if found to be so, the tree on which it has formed 
settlement cannot be rescued without a process of barking, — as serious as the 
.vages of the beetle. They are not likely to attack neighbouring trees till driven 
it of their strongholds on the fall of an affected tree, therefore they should be 
sstroyed, or they will establish themselves in others. At the same time I would 
iter a protest against waging war with any species that is to be regarded as 
sarce or local. 
E. vittoMs attacks fallen elm as E. fraxini does the ash ; its bun-ows are 
lorter, and the two branches are very uniformly of equal length, rarely exceeding 
of an inch long ; the number of eggs laid is seldom as many as 20, and, being 
lually placed more widely apart than those of E. fraxini, the burrows of the larvaD 
•e nearly parallel, giving little of the fan form seen in the buiTOws of that species, 
appears much less common than E. fraxini, though I find their burrows abun- 
mtly in a piece of elm fallen about the end of April. The operculum of frass 
hich closes the mouth of the burrow is more complete than in E. fraxini. They 
)mplete their changes in one year. I have been unable to find any evidence 
' their attacking living trees, so that from an oeconomic point of view they must 
3 regarded as very unimportant. 
The decay and destruction of fallen timber is much facilitated by these Eylesini 
id their alUes. They partially or wholly destroy the bark; their fi-ass-filled 
irrows absorb and retain much moisture, which is almost essential to decay, and 
lually the bark is so much loosened that, after a longer or shorter time, it falls off. 
bis rarely takes place before the wood is much injured by fungi, for which the 
imped-destroyed bark has been the nidus, and by the various sub-cortical species 
' insects for which the beetle burrows, have opened a way. The wood is then 
isily attacked by the numerous wood-feeders, various Longicomes, and Anohia, 
'modendron, &c., which soon complete its destruction. But the necessity for a 
itural method of clearing the ground of dead and dying timber has so long ceased 
I this country, that we have difficulty in regarding these insects as other than 
rnous pests. — T. Aj,gernon Chapman, M.D., Abergavenny, May, 1868. 
Live Clytus arietis in Museums. — Lately, when looking over some old numbers 
our venerable predecessor, " The Entomological Magazine," I was irresistibly 
minded of the trite maxim that " History repeats itself," by seeing a note of Mr. 
enny's (at p. 114 of Vol. ii, 1833) on the occurrence of three specimens of Clytus 
