44 
\ 
is encompassed with gently rising, low, sandy hills, generally clott 
with firs (Pinus sylvestris) . Four roads go from the town nearly to tr 
four points of the compass. 
That which goes towards the North passes first through a sm 
suburb, then, for about ten minutes, through a fruitful tract producii 
wheat and other field-crops ; then this begins to change for sand, ai 
after ten minutes, whilst ascending very gently, one is in the purJ sa. 
of this chain of little hills, the fir woods of which are, however, cc^ 
stantly being cut down to give place to rye, potato, and lupine fiek 
The hollows are all peaty and filled with marshes and lakes. 
To the left of the road there rises first a gentle elevation of abd: 
thirty feet, which is used as a Jewish burying-place. This Judenbe 
clothed with fir trees is encompassed with a wall of sand at its bai, 
within the boundary on the east and south side are some aspens, t 
only leaf-trees occurring on the hill, here, however, they are mingl 
with the fir trees. As no sheep may be pastured here (sheep are t 
veritable pests for the insects on sandy soils), the sand can much betti 
develope its vegetation here than elsewhere, although it is indeed scan.i 
enough. It consists of Galkm verum, Festuca ovina, Goryneplm 
canescens, Galamagrostis epigejos (here and there plentiful, hence fit 
ciuenie&hy PampMla ActcBon), QnapJialium arenarium (in profusion 
Potentilla incana, Artemisia campestris, Gentaurea paniculata, SiU 
otites, and, though rarely, 8. chlorantha, a little Astragalus arenariu 
Thymus serpyllum, and meracium pilosella in plenty, Seclum acre, a fe^ 
plants of Scahiosa columbaria, a little Saxifraga granulata, and Arum< 
phragmites in the hollow, which contains a tank, and everywher 
especially in the driest places, lichens and mosses. 
On the sunny slopes of the hills grows Galluna vulgaris, am 
between the ditches much Galamagrostis epigejos (the only locality f(f 
the larvae of Pamphila Actceon and GelecMa lutatella), Galium verml 
(hence here Botys fiavalis is very abundant), and Veronica spicata, ant 
m the shade of the fir trees and the numerous juniper bushes AntU 
rtcum ramosum, Scorzonera purpurea, Potentilla alba, Fragaria collimi 
SpircBa filipendula, and Trifolimn montanum. To the right of the roao! 
behind some sand-fields, is a marshy meadow, plentifully grown ove 
with species of Garex and 8alix repens, the haunt of Gcenonympha Davm 
Beyond it, on the sands, are some young plantations of fir trees wit 
similar vegetation as at the foot of the " Judenberg," and some loft 
firs ; then follows a great peat-moss, which has been principally ob 
tamed by means of a canal through which the water of one lake i 
