^■1 
FIELD MEETINGS. 1940 
not found, while Carex reinota, C. sylvatica, C. pallescens and C. laevi- 
gata were abundant, with Festuca sylvatica. Arahis hirsuta was grow- 
ing on limestone rocks by the river with Asplenium viride. PhylUtis 
Scolopendrinm and drifts of Gymnocarpium Dryopteris, and Fquisetuni 
sylvaticum and E. Telmateia in damp places of the wood. On the Dum- 
friesshire bank of the river Juiicvs tenuis was found, but not noted 
on the Cumberland side. 
Manday, 27th June. 
Tn the morning, the party went by bus to Kirkland, under Cross 
Fell, and here divided, some members going up Crowdundle Beck, cross- 
ing Kirkland Fell and descending by Ardale, .where they joined the rest 
of the party who explored the rocks at the head of Ardale. Here there 
is a considerable intrusion of the basic igneous rocks of the Great Whin- 
sill in the Carboniferous limestone of the Cross Fell escarpment and it 
is interesting to note certain plants here which are usually calcicole 
in the county, on both these formations. Thlaspi alpestrc was found 
on both whinsill rock and the limestone, with Arenarda verna, while 
Scahiosa Columbaria was abundant on limestone at nearly 2,000 ft., an 
unusuall}^ high altitude for this species, with Sesleria caerulea, Helian- 
themum Chamaecistus and Asplenium viride. Epilobiwm alpinum, in 
Cumberland known only on Cross Fell, was seen, with the more fre- 
quent E. alsinifolium, and Carex lepidocarpa and C. demissa were 
collected by Ardale Beck. 
Tuesday, 28th June. 
This was the only day on which rain was encountered, and, accord- 
ing to later reports, it appeared mainly to pursue the Society. For- 
tunately, owing to the long spell of dry w^eather Newton fteigny Moss, 
which lies in a hollow on the Carboniferous limestone, was in quite good 
condition, i.e. not quaking unduly. Panunculus Lingua, now rare in 
the county, was seen in flower, with several interesting Carices, includ- 
ing Carex disticha, C. diandra, C. limosa, C. pallescens, C. lasiocarpa 
and C. rostrata, all growdng in considerable quantity. Cladium Maris- 
rus, long known from this locality, was not in flower this year, and 
Schoen-us nigricans was seen, although more scarce than in former years. 
A solitary specimen of Epipactis palustris, was growing near the edge 
of the moss with Trullius evropaeus. Trifolium medium and Gymnadenia 
conopsea. The commonest species of Salix seen were S. atrocinerea 
and S. nigricans, with S. fragilis and B. pentandra and the hybrid be- 
tween them, xS. Meyeriana . After a slightly damp picnic lunch, the 
party proceeded to Greystoke Park, nearby, and still on the Carboni- 
ferous limestone belt. Ceterach officinarum, reported from an exposed 
scar of limestone there, was searched for but not seen. On the open 
moorland, near the roadside Pyrola minor w^as found, and there were 
remnants of Primula farinosa still in flower, a plant which is quite 
characteristic of this limestone country and a beautiful sight earlier 
