FTKLD MFRTTNCR, ir)r)2 
status of the tree in Sonth Wales. Tlie flora of the Hiffs is too well- 
known for detailed eomment here. 
Monday, 21srt July. 
The brilliant weather induced the party to proceed straightaway 
with a projected visit to the highest eminence in southern llritain, 
Pen-y-fan (2906 ft.). The journey to Storey Arms via Piecon was ac- 
complished by mid-day. 
The rocks, of Old Red Sandstone, dip south, giving rise to sharply 
edged north-facing cliffs, and gently sloping southern “dip-slopes”. 
The evidence of former glaciation is extensive — typical IT-valleys, tnin- 
cated spurs, moi-aines and mmaine lakes and hanging valleys. The 
north-east face of Pen-y-fan is some 500 feet high and difficnlt and 
dangerous to negotiate. No wonder, then, that only two of the party 
ventured with Dr. Jones and myself on to a few of the more accessible 
ledges, though 1 had secretly entertained fears of having to control a 
rush of reckless juveniles to the cliff face ! The glacial valley bottoms 
exhibit a poor gi'assland with occasional peaty patches. The moraines 
fdry and well-drained) are dominated by Nardus. The southern slopes 
of Pen-y-fan form a general Nardefum, but so many streams emerge 
that the flushed grassland contains much Agro.<iti!f and are consequently 
curiously green in appearance. Peat evidently blanketed the flat sum- 
mit of Pen-y-fan and patches of Erinphnr'uw and Nardus occur on the 
little peat that remains, but erosion to rock bottom has led to recoloniza- 
tipn by true Alpine grassland, dominated by Festuca orina and F. 
vivipfirO'. The fixed parts of the fine red scree are fully occupied by 
Festuca with much Polytrichum, , Fescliampsia flexuosa, AgrnsHs and 
Nardus. The rather rich flora of the grassland is evidently due to dry 
flushing from the rock above. The damp inaccessible cliffs and steep 
upper gullies form a veritable garden with their lush vegetation includ- 
ing many montane species. Remarkable is the profusion of some lowland 
plants like Primula veris, Filene maritima, Solidago virgaurea, Chrysan- 
themum. leu ninth p mum , etc., amongst the general moss and fern 
cushions. On the driest and most exposed rocks near the summit are 
patches of Snllx herharen. 
Tuesday, 22n>d July. 
A visit to the largest natural lake, Tdyn Safaddan, in South Wales 
was of course indispensable. This fine lowland sheet of water, hemmed 
in on three sides by towering hills, is one of the best areas in Wales for 
the study of water ecology. Bwlch was the centre chosen for the day’s 
excursion. The route, actually a pleasant alternative to the conven- 
tional hard-surface road to Llangorse village, followed the track of the 
old Roman road which ascends along a prominent ridge — Allt yr Esgair 
(1267 ft.) — for some three miles of its stretch from ancient Gobannium 
to ancient Loventium. From the summit Llyn Rafaddan receded into 
its glorious setting amid the vivid green of rich agriculture vale, sur- 
rounded by the sombre brown foothills of the Black Mountains. 
