170 Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh. [sess. 
On the Penguins observed during the Sealing Voyage 
of the s.s. “Active” in the neighbourhood of Erebus 
and Terror G-ulf. By C. W. Donald, M.B. Communi- 
cated by Professor D’Arcy W. Thompson. 
(Read July 17, 1893.) 
In September 1892 I sailed from Dundee on board the s.s. 
“Active,” which, with three other ships, was sent out to discover, if 
possible, a whale fishery among the Antarctic ice. The general record 
of my voyage will be published elsewhere, as will also sundry other 
observations in natural history. The present note is concerned 
solely with the species of penguin met with to the south of the 
Falklands. 
By far the most abundant form met with in the far south is the 
Black-Throated species, Dasyrhamphus adelice (H. and J.), which, as 
regards its plumage, is fairly satisfactorily figured by Gray in the 
voyage of the “Erebus” and “Terror” (pi. xxviii.), although that 
figure, like most indeed of the published representations of these 
birds, is far from being correct in general form and contour, the tail, 
beak, and eye having noticeable differences. This bird was met with 
on making the ice, in the latitude of the S. Shetlands, and about 30 
miles off the land (lat. 61° 14' S., long. 52° 27' W.); about a dozen 
or so were to be seen at a time sitting or lying in twos and threes on 
the floating cakes of “ pan-ice.” Passing further to the southward, 
and nearing the Danger Islands immediately to the east of Joinville 
Land, the birds increased greatly in number, and were seen in the 
water in small schools, or sitting on the ice by tens and twenties. 
We had ample opportunities of watching the peculiar gait and atti- 
tudes of the bird, which he shows in common with all his tribe, and 
which, indeed, have often been described before. Standing absolutely 
erect, he supports himself on the tripod of feet and tail : as he 
waddles along, with his feet, as it were, tied together, and trying to 
balance himself by vigorous movements of his flippers, his tail cuts 
a deep furrow in the snow, broken at intervals as he half loses his 
