1893-94.] Dr Manro on Else and Progress of Anthropology. 227 
observation, it soon became apparent that this form of skull was 
not confined to the Quaternary period, but occupied, in subsequent 
ages, even a wider geographical distribution. It has been found 
not only in caves but in the dolmens, Gallo-Eoman cemeteries, 
and various tombs, both ancient and modern, from Scandinavia to 
Spain, and from Iceland to the Crimea and other parts of Kussia. 
Nay, more, men with heads of the Canstadt type may be seen 
stalking among the present day philosophers. Let me just quote 
the following remarks by De Quaterfages on this point : — 
“At the Paris Congress, M. Yogt quoted the example of one of 
his friends. Dr Emmayer, whose cranium exactly recalls that of 
Neanderthal, and who is nevertheless a highly distinguished lunacy 
doctor. In passing through the Copenhagen Museum, I was struck 
by the Neanderthal characters presented by one of the crania in 
the collection : it proved to be that of Kay Lykke, a Danish 
gentleman, who played some part in the political affairs of the 
seventeenth century. M. Godron has published the drawing of the 
skull of Saint Mansuy, Bishop of Toul in the fourth century, and 
his head even exaggerates some of the most striking features of the 
Neanderthal cranium. The forehead is still more receding, the 
vault more depressed, and the head so long that the cephalic 
index is 69‘41. Lastly, the skull of Bruce, the Scotch hero, is 
also a reproduction of the Canstadt type .” — {The Humar Species, 
p. 309.) 
The Cromagnon and Furfooz types have an equally wide distribu- 
tion, both in space and time. With such diversity in the osteolo- 
gical characters of fossil crania, it is clear that the scientific value 
of the evidence they are capable of furnishing can only be correctly 
interpreted when supplemented by collateral sources of investiga- 
tion. The mere measurement of skulls seems only to prove that 
the earliest population of Europe showed as ■ great a mixture and 
diversity of races as are to be found at the present day. I will, 
however, recur to this subject after disposing of the two remaining 
heads under which I have classified anthropological materials. 
(5) The Handicraft Products of Man . — Under this heading we 
have to deal with a class of evidence unique in nature, and ex- 
clusively applicable to Man, as being the only known toolmaker in 
the world. Although many of the other animals are superior to 
