1893 - 94 .] Dr Munro on Rise and Progress of Anthropology. 231 
Man are most commonly met with. The nature of the matrix in 
which a worked object is found, its depth below the surface, the 
composition and disposition of the superincumbent debris, &c., are 
also problems to be decided by geological skill. 
On the borderland of the science many other issues fall to be 
determined by collateral evidence : for example, a most legitimate 
inference from such a discovery as the skeleton of a reindeer with a 
stone axe embedded in its skull would be that this animal and Man 
were contemporary. If the supposed discovery were in Lapland, 
where the reindeer still lives, its archaeological value would be almost 
nil ; on the other hand, if it had been in one of the Dordogne 
caves, it would reveal an important fact, viz., that Man lived at a 
time when the climate in that part of Trance had been so cold as to 
permit of the growth of the plants and lichens which form the 
natural food-supply of the reindeer. 
In the preceding remarks I have very briefly described some of 
the scientific facts and speculations which loomed on the philoso- 
phical horizon when the theory of the natural development of Man 
was first promulgated ; and I have also given a few illustrations of 
the nature and sources of the evidence advanced in support of it. 
To complete the sketch, I now proceed to inquire what progress 
this theory has made among thoughtful men, — I say, thoughtful 
men ; because it would be useless to appeal to the unthinking masses 
for a verdict on a doctrine involving so many difficult and abstruse 
problems. In this country no special school for the study of 
Anthropology has yet been founded, but in France there is TEcole 
d’Anthropologie, with a staff of twelve Professors, who apportion 
the subject as follows 
Geographic m4dicale. 
Anthropologic pathologique. 
Anthropogenic et embryologie. 
Ethnologic. 
Anthropologic biologique. 
Linguistique et ethnographic. 
Histoire des civilisations. 
Anthropologic zoologique. 
Anthropologic physiologique. 
Ethnographic comparee. 
Anthropologic pr4historique. 
Anthropologic geographique. 
To form an estimate of the progress made in a science, having such 
extensive ramifications, belongs to specialists in their respective 
departments. To attempt to gather up the progressive increments 
