1893-94.] Dr Mnnro on Rise and Progress of Anthropology. 239 
the other Spy skull could be determined, its Pithecoid characters 
are less pronounced. The cranial vault is more lofty, and the 
cephalic index at least 7 4. 
The Belgian Professor comes to the conclusion that the Spy men 
belonged to a race relatively of small stature, analogous to the 
modern Laplanders, having voluminous heads, massive bodies, 
short arms, and bent legs. They led a sedentary life, frequented 
caves, manufactured flint implements after the type known as Mou- 
sterien, and were contemporary with the mammoth and tichorrhine 
rhinoceros. 
On the supposition that Man is descended from one of the higher 
vertebrates by a process of natural development, it necessarily 
follows that he must have passed through a series of physical 
changes which connected him with the generic stock by a con- 
tinuous chain. Hence one of the primary problems which anthro- 
pologists had to consider was to ascertain if these connecting links 
had left any traces behind them which could throw light on the 
remarkable transformation he had undergone. It is for this reason 
that the remains of fossil Man have occupied such a prominent place 
in these discussions. But no sooner had a fair start been made in 
this investigation than the entire class of evidence became partly 
discredited by the eagerness of its own votaries. Not content to 
rear, slowly and cautiously, a substantial structure on a basis of 
solid facts, they, in their haste, admitted into their argument 
materials of a more or less problematical character, which, when 
subjected to the strain of criticism, at once gave way. To this 
category must he assigned the facts hitherto advanced in support of 
the existence of Tertiary Man — a question which has so largely 
occupied the attention of French anthropologists. M. Mortillet 
devotes not less than a sixth part of his hook, Le Prehistorique, to 
the consideration of “ Thomme tertiare,” and goes so far as to give 
him a generic name {Anthropopithecus). But it is unnecessary to 
analyse the facts adduced to prove the existence of this “ precurseur 
de rhomme,” as their argumentative value is questionable. Indeed, 
Mortillet acknowledges that it is by pure reasoning he has arrived 
at this conclusion ; hut, for this very reason, he ranks it among the 
greatest discoveries of the age, and exclaims : — “ Cela rappelle 
Leverrier decouvrant, sans instrument, rien que par le calcul, une 
