242 Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh. [sess. 
of Stuttgart, in the course of which a large quantity of hones, in- 
cluding those of Quaternary animals, were dug up and preserved in 
the Duke’s museum. A hundred years later a human jaw was 
found among these hones, and on this discovery being brought under 
the notice of Cuvier he declined to regard it as of any value, owing 
to the entire absence of information as to its position in the earth. 
In 1835 Mr Jaeger found in the same collection portion of the 
cranial vault of a man, and brought it forward as an argument 
in favour of the coexistence of Man with the great extinct 
mammals. 
Sir Charles Lyell accepted much of the speculations founded on 
such evidence. Nor, indeed, is this the only case in which his 
accuracy has been called in question. A human jaw found by 
Professor Crahay, near Maestricht, and known as the Smeermaas 
machoire,” was described by Sir Charles as coeval with a mammoth 
tusk disinterred “ 6 yards removed from the human jaw in hori- 
zontal distance” {Antiquity of Man, 3rd ed., p. 339). ISTow, 
however, it is proved that the tusk was 24 feet deeper than the 
skull, and that the latter was merely a relic from a crannog of the 
Neolithic period since discovered and investigated. An epitome of 
the evidence on which this prosaic conclusion has been arrived 
at will be found in my work on the Lake-Dwellings of Europe, 
pp. 305-6. 
I cannot close this sketch without mentioning one or two of the 
more important researches which have enriched the science of 
Anthropology since the publication of the works of Darwin and 
Lyell, chief among which are the three following : — 
(1) The complete exploration of Kent’s Cavern, under the super- 
intendence of Mr Pengelly and a scientific committee of the British 
Association. The investigation was begun on the 28th March 1865, 
and continued without interruption to 19th June 1880, at an 
expense of £1963 . — {British Association Report, 1883, p. 556.) 
(2) The exploration of a series of caverns, some sixty in number, 
in the valley of the Lesse, near Dinant, and other localities in the 
vicinity of Namur, Belgium, under M. E. Dupont, director of the 
Royal Museum of Natural History of Brussels. The excavations 
were begun in 1864, and continued for seven years, during which time 
an enormous quantity of the remains of Man and his contemporary 
