414 Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh. [sess. 
appeared to represent an enlarged pituitary body. There was no 
evidence of olfactory lobes, or of optic nerves. The remaining 
cranial nerves were all present, and for the most part appeared 
normal. The third nerve came to the surface in a groove immedi- 
ately in front of the pons, and about a quarter of an inch on either 
side of the middle line. Its size was perhaps slightly subnormal. 
The fourth nerves were extremely fine threads in the normal position. 
The sixth pair seemed attenuated. The seventh, eighth, ninth, 
tenth, and eleventh were normal, as was also the twelfth or 
hypoglossal nerve, except that, owing to the absence of the pyramids, 
the groove on the inner side of the olivary body in which the 
hypoglossal nerve appears was very near the middle line. The 
membranes covering the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla were 
quite normal, but there was a remarkable thickening of the jpia- 
arachnoid extending round the globular mass described above, and 
surrounding and partly concealing the infundibulum, and pituitary 
body. The thickening extended to the posterior surface of the 
globular mass, and passed forwards until it became continuous with 
the cerebral mantle. The pineal gland was not found in its normal 
situation, but I am not prepared to maintain that it was absent, 
as it is possible that it was accidentally removed with the tentorium 
cerebelli. 
The vascular system of the brain . — The arteries of supply, viz., 
the vertebrals, basilar, and carotids appeared small in size but 
otherwise normal. The branches of these arose in their normal 
positions. The anterior cerebrals passed forwards between the en- 
larged infundibulum and the cerebral envelope, and then ascended 
in the shallow median fissure to the vertex of the cerebrum, while 
the middle cerebral passed outwards in the substance of the thickened 
membranes to the concave under surface of the lateral portion of the 
hemisphere. A small posterior-communicating branch united the 
middle and posterior cerebrals on either side. 
There was no trace of the pulvinar, corpora geniculata, or 
brachia to the corpora quadrigemina. The corpora quadrigemina 
were quite distinct and moderately well developed. 
The brain was carefully hardened in toto for two months in Muller’s 
fluid, and then cut into transverse sections about J inch thick. 
In the interior of the brain there was no indication of the 
