1894 - 95 .] Prof. Sir Wm. Turner on Pitliecanthro'pus erectus. 429 
that of a female. In the projection of the glabella and supra- 
orbital ridges the skull had, however, characters which one is 
accustomed to regard as masculine. 
The cerebral cavity was, for the most part, filled with a stony 
mass, so that the capacity of the skull-cap could not be directly 
ascertained. Even if the calvaria had been free from its stony 
contents, the absence of the base of the skull would have made it 
impossible to obtain a direct determination of the entire cranial 
capacity. 
From a comparison of the length, breadth, and arch of the vertex 
of the skulls of the chimpanzee and of two specimens of hylobates, 
with their actual capacity as determined by measurement, and 
from the measurements of the length, breadth, and arch of the 
vertex of the fossil, M. Dubois arrives at the conclusion that the 
actual capacity of the fossil cranium had been about 1000 cubic 
centimetres, that is, about double the capacity of the cranium of 
the gorilla, and about two-thirds of the capacity of a well-formed 
European cranium. Dubois recognises that the Java calvaria 
approximates more to the human type than to that of the anthro- 
poid apes ; thus it is much more spacious, its vault is more 
highly arched, the supra-orbital arches are less projecting, the 
diameters generally are greater, and the downward and for- 
ward slope of the nuchal part of the occipital bone is more 
pronounced than in the Simiidae. N’otwithstanding these human 
characters, he does not regard it as a human skull. 
As the University Museum contains a number of examples of 
the crania of the larger anthropoid apes, as well as a large collection 
of human crania, illustrating the different races of men, I have 
thought that it would be useful to compare Dubois’ description and 
measurements with these specimens. 
As regards the glabello-occipital length, the Java calvaria is 54 
mm. longer than the mean of two chimpanzee skulls, one of which 
is an old male ; 54 mm. longer than a male orang, and 65 mm. 
longer than a female orang. It is more difficult to make a com- 
parison with the skull of the gorilla, as in this animal the strongly 
projecting occipital crest gives a length out of all proportion to the 
proper glabello-occipital diameter. Thus in a remarkably fine 
male, the glabello-cristal length is 217 mm., whilst in an adult 
