430 Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinhurgh. [sess. 
female with a slight crest it is 153 mm., and in a young specimen, 
where the occipital crest is only just indicated, the long diameter 
is 132 mm. 
In its greatest breadth the Java fossil is 32 mm. broader than 
the greatest mean breadth of the two chimpanzees and the female 
orang. It is 21 mm. broader than the mean of five adult male 
gorillas, 30 mm. broader than the female, 35 mm. broader than the 
young specimen. The breadth of the apes’ skulls was taken in the 
squamous region. 
The frontal diameter behind the orbits was, in the Java fossil, 
20 mm. greater than in the chimpanzees, and 28 mm. more than 
in the orangs. It was 19 mm. greater than the mean of five male 
gorillas, 24 mm. greater than in a female gorilla, and 22 mm. 
greater than in a young specimen. In the undamaged state of the 
Java fossil, as Dubois thinks, this diameter was probably 4 mm. 
greater than in the specimen as it now exists. 
In the external dimensions of length and breadth, it is clear that 
the Java fossil is very much larger than the corresponding dimen- 
sions of the great anthropoid apes, except as regards the length 
of the largest skulls in the male gorilla, which are so materially 
elongated by the development of the occipital crests. 
In the following Table the dimensions of the Java calvaria and 
of the anthropoid apes, which I have measured, is given : — 
Age. Sex. Length. 
Breadth. 
Post Orh. Br. 
Cub. Cap. 
Java calvaria (P. erectus?), Ad. ? 
185 
130 
90 
1000? 
Chimpanzee, 
Ad. $ 
132 
98 
70 
350 
„ {ccdms .?), 
Ad. $ 
130 
98 
69 
360 
Orang, 
Ad. $ 
131 
100 
62 
440 
,, ... 
Ad. $ 
120 
98 
62 
360 
Gorilla, 
Ad. $ 
190 
113 
72 
480 
,, ... 
Ad. $ 
182 
113 
68 
470 
,, ... 
Ad. i 
205 
105 
73 
520 
,, ... 
Ad. $ 
217 
106 
67 
590 
,, ... 
Ad. $ 
176 
107 
74 
410 
,, ... 
Ad. $ 
153 
100 
66 
420 
,, ... 
Young, ? 
132 
95 
68 
355 
In the apes the length was inio-glabellar, but in the gorillas it included the 
crista occipitalis. 
