432 Proceedings of Royal Society of Edinburgh. [sess. 
the University Museum, taken according to the method to which 
I have already referred, gave a mean of 1492*8 c.c., and ranged 
from 1770 to 1240 c.c.; that of 23 Scotswomen had a mean of 
1325 C.C., and ranged from 1625 to 1100 c.c. The mean of the 
Scotsmen closely approximates to Welcker’s measurements of 
Europeans generally, quoted by Dubois, and places the fossil, in 
its capacity, as much below the European mean as it is above the 
mean capacity of the male gorilla. 
If we now take the aboriginal Australians as an example of the 
modern savage, we find them to be a low-typed, purely dolicho- 
csphalic race presenting many features of correspondence with the 
Java specimen. The glabella and supra-orbital ridges are, in a 
large majority of Australian skulls, massive and projecting. A 
keel is not unfrequently found in the line of the obliterated 
frontal suture, and the vault of the cranium is, in many specimens, 
feebly arched. As regards the length of the skull, the mean 
glabello-occipital length of 25 Australian men was 190 mm., that 
of 13 women was 177 mm. — giving as the mean of the two sexes 
183*5 mm., which almost exactly corresponds with the Java 
specimen. The greatest breadth of the Australian men was, on the 
average, 131 mm., and of the women 127 mm., so that the Java 
fossil practically corresponded in breadth to the men, and was 
slightly broader than in the women. The post-orbital frontal 
breadth was, on the average, 97*6 mm. in the men and 92 mm. in 
the women, which was slightly more than the breadth in the 
corresponding region in the fossil. 
As regards internal capacity, it is very rare for an Australian 
skull to measure 1500 c.c., though I have measured a man from 
Queensland who reached 1514 c.c., one from the De Grey river 
1450 C.C., and one from South Australia 1400 c.c. The average of 
24 Australian men was, however, only 1286 c.c., and of 12 women 
1106 c.c. In the men, no specimen was below 1000 c.c., but one 
was only 1044 c.c. In the women five specimens were below 1100 
C.C., and three of these measured 930, 946, and 998 c.c. respectively. 
Granting, therefore, the accuracy of M. Dubois’ estimate of 1000 
c.c. for the fossil, and if it be as he supposes of the female sex, 
three Australian women were below it in capacity, and a consider- 
able number were only a little more capacious. 
( 
