1894-95.] Prof. Sir Wm. Turner on Pithecanthropus crectus. 438 
In the skulls of other savage races in the University Museum, 
namely, Andaman Islanders, Admiralty Islanders, Bush people, 
Yeddahs and hill tribes of India, I find 17 specimens ranging from 
1000 to 1092 c.c. Two of these were probably males and the rest 
females. It follows, therefore, that a human cranium, smaller in 
its capacity than 1100 c.c., is yet sufficiently large for the lodgment 
of a brain,' competent to discharge the duties demanded by the life 
of a savage. 
Upper Molar Tooth. 
The isolated tooth was found 1 metre distant from the calvaria. 
The crown is described as forming an unequal triangle, with one 
lateral and two median rounded angles ; the base was turned for- 
wards and a little concave ; the transverse diameter of the corona 
at the base was 15*3 mm., and the greatest sagittal diameter on the 
inner side was 11*3 mm. In the direction from before backwards 
it was very short. On the one side, the two anterior cusps were 
tolerably well developed, but on the other side the posterior median 
cusp was much reduced, and the postero-lateral scarcely developed. 
In consequence of this, the connecting band between the anterior 
median and the postero-lateral cusp did not exist, and the hollows 
of the grinding surface were quite irregular. This surface was 
only slightly worn in places. The tooth had two strongly diverging 
fangs, which projected somewhat obliquely backwards, the obliquity 
being due, M. Dubois thinks, to the fact that there had not been 
much space for the tooth in the sagittal diameter of the jaw. The 
median root measured from the neck 13 mm. ; it was transversely 
compressed; the lateral root was 15 mm. long: on the inner side it 
was broadly and deeply forked, owing to the fusion of an anterior 
shorter, and a posterior longer fang, both of which were compressed 
from before backwards. The form of the tooth indicated that, 
notwithstanding its great breadth, it had undergone a strong 
retrogression in the sagittal direction, which pointed to a corre- 
sponding retrogression in the entire dentary arcade. Dubois states 
that the tooth is larger than the corresponding molar in Man, 
and the grinding surface more rugose. On the other hand, it is 
not so strongly developed as in the gorilla and orang, nor so rugose. 
In commenting on this description one is, in the first instance, 
disposed to raise the question whether the tooth belonged to the 
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