1894 - 95 .] Antivenene and Immunization against Venom. 461 
In the second series, experiments have been made only with 
twice the minimum-lethal dose of venom. When this dose was 
injected into the subcutaneous tissue of one side of the body, and 
immediately thereafter a dose of antivenene, it was found that doses 
of 1 C.C., 2 c.c. and 3 c.c. per kilogramme failed to prevent death, 
but that 4 c.c. and 5 c.c. per kilogramme were able to do so. 
In the third series, the experiments have as yet been made with 
only the minimum-lethal of cobra venom, and they show that *4 c.c. 
per kilogramme of this antivenene is able to prevent death, when 
given thirty minutes before the venom. 
In the fourth series, where the results are likely to give the 
clearest indications of the antidotal value of antivenene, it was 
found that recovery occurred in the experiments in which 1-5 c.c., 
1 C.C., and *8 c.c. per kilogramme of antivenene were injected thirty 
minutes after a certain minimum-lethal dose of venom, but that the 
antivenene was insufficient in quantity to prevent death when *75 
c.c. per kilogramme or less was administered. In this series, further, 
it was found that 5 c.c. per kilogramme of antivenene was a suffi- 
cient dose to prevent death after twice the minimum-lethal dose of 
venom; but that 2 c.c,, 2*5 c.c., 3 c.c., and 4 c.c. per kilogramme 
were insufficient. 
The experiments of this series are especially interesting, as nearly 
all the animals showed symptoms of poisoning before the antivenene 
had been administered. Even in the fatal experiments, the dura- 
tion of life was greatly prolonged by the administration of anti- 
venene ; and it is probable that in many instances a second injection 
of antivenene, made half-an-hour or an hour after the first, would 
have prevented death. 
It has thus been established, on the clearest evidence, that the 
blood-serum (antivenene) of animals protected against large lethal 
doses of venom is able, in varying conditions of administration, 
perfectly to prevent lethal doses of the venom of the most poisonous 
of serpents from producing death in non-protected animals. 
In order to obtain some evidence bearing on the question as to 
whether the more powerful antivenene is produced by the long con- 
tinued administration of small non-lethal doses of venom, or by the 
administration of doses gradually increasing until a large lethal dose 
is reached, a few experiments were made with the serum of a rabbit 
