Temm, 
GLAREOLA GRALLARIA, 
Australian Pratincole. 
Glareola grallaria, Temm. Man. d’Orn., tom. ii. p. 503. 
■ Isabella, Vieill. Gal. des Ois., tom. ii. p. 159. pi. 263. — Less. Traite d’Orn., p. 541. — -lb. Man. d’Orn., 
tom. ii. p. 290. — Vieill. 2nde Edit, du Nouv. Diet. d’Hist. Nat., tom. xiii. p. 221. — Bonn, et Vieill. 
Ency. Meth. Orn., part iii. p. 1048. 
Australis, Leach in Linn. Trans., vol. xiii. p. 132. pi. 14. fig. 1, 2. 
Australasian Pratincole, Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. ix. p. 366. 
This species of Pratincole possesses several remarkable specific distinctions, among which, as will be seen 
on reference to the figures in the accompanying Plate, are the great length of the tarsi and primaries, 
which, combined with the graceful contour of its body and the small size of its head, render it the most 
elegant species of the genus that has yet been discovered. The figure in Vieillot’s “ Galerie des Oiseaux ” 
is far less accurate than the description. The bird is there portrayed with the primaries brown, whereas 
they should be black ; the white of the throat is also much less defined in the bird than it is in the drawing ; 
this mark, which is so conspicuous in the other members of the genus, being scarcely distinguishable in the 
present species from the surrounding reddish buff colouring of the head and neck. 
While traversing the plains bordering the River Namoi in New South Wales, I once had a transient 
view of this interesting bird ; it was on the wing, and so rapid and extended was its flight, and so close did 
it keep to the ground, that I had scarcely satisfied myself as to what kind of bird it was, before it was lost 
in the distant horizon. I possess however two specimens, both of which were collected within three hun- 
dred miles of the locality above-mentioned ; and forming, as they did, part of a collection made in the 
Moreton Bay district, the eastern portion of the continent of Australia may be regarded as one of the loca- 
lities in which it is found, but which, from its rare occurrence therein, can scarcely be considered its natural 
habitat ; in all probability the vast interior of the country is its native home. 
I have not been able to satisfy myself as to whether the birds whose wings and colouring resemble those 
of the middle figure in the Plate are adult females or immature males. 
We may reasonably suppose that nature has destined this bird to the same offices in Australia that are 
performed by the Glareola pratincola in Europe, that insects of various kinds constitute its sole food, and 
that they are taken both on the wing and on the ground, as the great development of its wings and legs 
must give it peculiar facility for capturing them ; future discovery, however, must determine this among 
numerous other points now unknown respecting the economy of the birds of that distant and comparatively 
unknown country, Australia. 
The male has the head, all the upper surface, wings and breast light rufous, becoming nearly white on 
the throat ; lores dark brown ; primaries and under surface of the wing black ; shaft of the outer primary 
white for three-fourths of its length from the base ; abdomen rich chestnut ; thighs, upper and under tail- 
coverts white ; central tail-feathers black, tipped on their outer webs with brown and on their inner webs with 
white ; lateral tail-feathers white, with an oval spot of brown near the tip of the inner web ; the next 
on each side white, crossed by a band, the inner portion of which is black and the outer brown ; hill 
red at the base, black at the tip ; legs and feet brown. 
The female or young male has all the upper surface light reddish brown ; the feathers of the breast 
with a spot of brown in the centre; the band across the abdomen pale chestnut; in other respects the 
colouring is similar to the male. 
The figures are of the natural size. 
