STREPSILAS INTERPRES. 
Turnstone. 
Tringa Interpres, Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 248. — Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. ii. p. 738. 
Strepsilas Interpres, Leach in Cat. of Brit. Mus., p. 29. — Steph. Cont. of Shaw’s Gen. Zool., vol. xi. p. 520. pi. 39. 
Strepsilas coUaris, Temm. Man. d’Orn., tom. ii. p. 553. 
If any one bird be universally dispersed over tbe sea-shores of the globe, it is the Turnstone, for there are 
few of which it is not an inhabitant. I find no differences whatever between Australian and European 
specimens, nor do examples from America present sufficient variation to warrant any other conclusion than 
that the whole are one and the same species. 
I could never detect the breeding-place of the Turnstone in any one of the Australian colonies, and I must 
not fail to add, that in the southern parts of that continent and Van Diemen’s Land, examples in the adult 
livery are but seldom seen, while individuals in the immature dress are very abundant ; on the contrary, most 
of the specimens from Raine’s Islet and other parts of Torres’ Straits are mature birds clothed in the full 
livery or breeding plumage. In all probability the northern parts of Australia will hereafter prove to be the 
part of the country in which it breeds, and that the young make an annual migration towards the south and 
disperse themselves over every part of the coasts of Southern Australia, the islands in Bass’s Straits and 
Van Diemen’s Land, all of which, as well as the Houtmann’s Abrolhos off the western coast, are visited by it. 
The habits, manners and economy of the bird in Australia differ not from those it exhibits in Europe ; 
there, as here, it feeds on marine insects, as well as on small bivalve mollusca and Crustacea, which it finds 
by turning over stones with its bill ; whence its popular name. 
The sexes when fully adult are alike, but the colours of the female are not so bright as those of the male ; 
the young even when they have attained the size of the adult differ considerably. 
The adult has the forehead, eyebrows, an oval spot before each eye, the centre of the throat, ear-coverts, 
nape of the neck, lower part of the back, abdomen and under tail-coverts white ; from eye to eye across the 
forehead a band of black, which dips downwards in the centre to the bill ; from the base of the lower man- 
dible proceeds a mark of black, which passes upwards to the eye, dilates backwards towards the nape, covers 
the front of the chest, and bifurcates towards the insertion of the wing ; mantle and scapularies reddish 
brown irregularly varied with black ; rump black ; wings black, the basal part of the inner webs and the 
shafts of the primaries white ; secondaries broadly tipped with white, forming a conspicuous bar across the 
wings ; bill black ; irides black ; legs and feet rich orange, darkest on the joints. 
The young has the whole of the upper surface and the breast mottled brown and black, the white mark 
on the throat much larger, and only a trace of the white markings of the face and nape. 
The figures represent the two sexes of the natural size. 
