of Edinburgh, Session 1872-73. 153 
or rolled over the surface. These chiefly imbedded in gravel, 
clay, and sand. 
To westward of these boulders a valley or depression runs 
in an E. and W. direction; Halldon or Pluscardine Hill 
being on south, and Carden Hill on north side. This valtey 
opens out to westward. 
Pluscardine Hill on its north slope dipping towards valley, 
covered with boulders which apparently deposited on it from 
some agent that came from N.W., and which obstructed by 
the hill. 
Carden Hill has a flat ridge running about E. and W. This 
ridge consists mostly of a bare and hard gritty sandstone rock. 
It has been evidently ground down and smoothed by hard and 
heavy bodies passing over it. Stride observed in numerous 
places on Carden Hill, viz., W. by N., N.W., N.W., N.W. 
by W., N.W. by W., NW. by W. The average direction 
was N.W. by W., and from the formation of strias, agent which 
produced them, evidently came from north-westward. 
Numerous boulders along ridge of hill of granite (chiefly 
grey, one of red), gneiss, &c. The red granite boulder 
4J x 2J x 11 feet. Its longer axis N.W. by W., and its 
sharpest end was towards that point. 
Most of these boulders rounded and smooth, as if great 
friction and pressure had operated on them. 
Some were lying along ridge on its northern slope, as if 
arrested in their further progress. Numbers also along ridge 
on south slope, as if pushed over hill, and put into positions 
where beyond reach of pushing agent. 
At one place, sandstone rocks of ridge broken up, as 
evidenced by great fragments lying along southern slope, 
where beyond the reach of agent which broke and pushed 
them. These sandstone blocks lie at levels about 40 to 60 
feet below level of ridge. 
This flat ridge of Carden Hill extends for about a mile, and 
is about 400 feet above sea. 
From ridge of this hill, the Carlin Stone boulder above- 
mentioned seen, bearing S.S.E. about two miles distant. It 
is not probable that it came over Carden Hill. More probable, 
