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of Edinburgh, Session 1873-74 
education began. He studied logic in the Organon, in Latin 
treatises of scholastic logic, and in Hobbes. His later experience 
made him set great value on this early familiarity with Aristotelian 
logic. The first intellectual operation in which he arrived at 
proficiency was dissecting bad arguments, and finding in what 
the fallacy lay. Ricardo and a course of political economy fol- 
lowed ; also much study of Plato. The high expectations his stern 
and exacting preceptor had of him at this time appear in a letter 
from James Mill to Jeremy Bentham in 1812. 
In May 1820 he was sent to France. His father had in the year 
before been appointed one of the Assistants of the Examiner 
of Correspondence in the India House. Abroad the boy lived 
in the family of Sir Samuel Bentham, a brother of Jeremy. 
He was introduced to M. Say, the political economist, and other 
French savans in Paris. This was the beginning of the intimate 
sympathy with the literary and political society of France, which 
was always characteristic of John Mill. 
In July 1821 he returned to England. He resumed his old 
studies, with the addition of some new ones. He read Condillac 
“ as much for warning as example.” In the winter of 1821-22, he 
studied jurisprudence under John Austin, and also in the writings 
of his father’s friend, Jeremy Bentham. His whole previous educa- 
tion had been in a certain sense a course of Benthamism, for he 
had been always taught to apply Bentham’s standard of “ the 
greatest happiness.” He lived much in Bentham’s society, and 
often accompanied him and his father in their walks together, at 
Newington G-reen and afterwards in Westminster, besides making 
long summer visits to him at Ford Abbey, in Devonshire. 
Before he was fifteen, his studies were carried into analytic psycho- 
logy, still under his father’s direction. He read Locke, Berkeley, 
Helvetius, Hartley, Hume, Beid, Stewart, and Brown on “ Cause 
and Effect.” The elder Mill about this time began to write his 
“Analysis of the Human Mind,” which was published seven years 
later, in 1829, and the son was allowed to read the manuscript, 
portion by portion, as it advanced. 
This training, while it produced an astonishing precocity of 
logical intelligence, was not equally favourable to physical vigour, 
and practical skill or sagacity. Mr Mill tells us that as he had 
