267 
o f Edin burgli , Session 1873-74. 
syllogising, and to show the part which facts have in all our actual 
reasonings. It is as a logician probably that Mr Mill will be 
longest remembered in the history of English and European 
thought, and as having connected the revived logical studies of this 
country with the spirit and procedure of modern experimental 
science. 
The same decade which gave birth to Mr Mill’s “ Logic ” saw 
the first publication of the other great treatise of his life — next in 
importance to his “ Logic.” In 1848 his “ Principles of Political 
Economy, with some of their Applications to Social Philosophy,” 
were given to the world. Through this book he became to the 
nineteenth century in some degree what Adam Smith had been to 
the eighteenth by his “ Wealth of Nations.” It had been heralded 
in 1844 by “ Five Essays on some Unsettled Questions in Eco- 
nomic Science.” The “Political Economy ’’showed a return in 
some particulars from his previous extreme of reaction against 
his early Penthamism, along with a disposition to sceptical criticism 
of many of the presuppositions of the older school of political econo- 
mists. His ideas of ultimate social improvement were becoming 
more revolutionary. His view of private property was becoming 
modified, and especially of the rights of individuals to land. Co- 
operation and Socialism began to take the place of Competition 
and Democracy in his thoughts. 
The “ System of Logic” and the “ Principles of Political Eco- 
nomy ” are the two books round one or the other of which almost 
all that Mr Mill has ever written may be said to circulate. The 
one describes his view of the intellectual means ; the other is 
connected with the aim or end of the whole labour of his manhood. 
The logical employment of intellect for the improvement of society 
was in brief his life. Eight editions of the “ Logic ” have now 
been published; the “Political Economy,” after passing through 
seven editions, was issued in a cheap form in 1865. 
The ten years which followed the publication of the “ Political 
Economy” formed a long pause in Mr Mill’s course as an author. 
He was married to Mrs Taylor in April 1851, her former husband 
having died two years before. They lived in extreme seclusion 
for some years, withdrawn even from the society of his intimate 
friends, and under influences which tended again to confine his 
2 M 
¥OL. vm. 
