528 
Proceedings of the Royal Society 
coloured corpuscles were seen to have their form altered, while the 
white increased relatively in number. At the end sometimes more 
than 40 white corpuscles were to be seen at once in the field of the 
microscope. 
Integumentary System . — No jaundiced line was ever noticed in 
the skin or conjunctive. 
Urinary System .— The quantity of the urine was sometimes 
greatly increased after injection of bile salts, and at other times 
diminished. This difference depended, apparently, on the amount 
of food taken during the day following the injection. For when 
the sole food of an animal consists of a vegetable containing so 
high a percentage of water as cabbage does, the quantity of urine 
varies very much according to the appetite ; when, however, the 
quantity of food remained the same, the bile acids seemed to have 
an undoubted diuretic effect. 
The colour of the urine in health was almost invariably light. 
It was opaque owing to a deposit of phosphates. After injection 
if the quantity was increased, then it became still lighter in colour, 
but when it was diminished, it became very dark and smoky. This 
colour was no doubt owing partly to concentration, but its smoky 
colour led to the belief that some blood pigment was present. 
This was rendered all the more probable by the fact that blood 
corpuscles were once or twice seen in the urine after injection of 
bile salts. However, the spectrum of the urine did not show the 
characteristic absorption bands of blood on the two occasions on 
which it was in my power to apply this test. 
There once appeared a trace of albumen after injection of bile 
salts. Small quantities of bile acids could usually be detected after 
injection, but only rarely was there any trace of bile pigment; it 
must be confessed, however, that the test for the latter is much less 
satisfactory than that for the former. The quantity of free nitrogen* 
almost always rose after injection of bile salts, as seen in the 
following tables : — 
* By free nitrogen is here meant the nitrogen which is liberated by the 
action of hypobromite of soda. 
