531 
of Edinburgh, Session 1874-75. 
The pupil never showed any particular change. 
Let us now turn to a consideration of the Pathological appear- 
ances noticed after death. Out of four fatal cases these appearances 
were only seen in three, as the other animal died so rapidly as not 
to permit of their development. The lesion seemed to be confined 
to the liver and kidney, and was of the following nature : — 
The Liver was of natural size, but congested, and throughout its 
substance were scattered numerous small white patches, which 
contrasted well with the dark red colour of the rest of the organ. 
The borders of these patches were seldom or never well defined, 
but the lesion seemed to affect particular lobules. On removing a 
small piece from one of those white portions of a fresh liver, and 
teasing it out, one could easily see with the microscope that the 
liver cells were altered, swollen, with an irregular outline, and full 
of minute, highly refractive granules. The nucleus was in some 
cases obscured, in others more distinct than usual. There could 
also be seen what were evidently the remains of hepatic cells, a 
nucleus surrounded by a mass of fine oil globules, with perhaps the 
trace of a cell-wall on one side. If, on the other hand, a portion 
of the more healthy tissue be examined, liver cells approaching 
very closely to the normal can be seen. 
After hardening in alcohol, or in chromic acid %), sections of 
this liver structure may be made, but the changes described are not 
nearly so well seen then as in fresh specimens. This change in 
the hepatic tissue is not merely a fatty infiltration, such as takes 
place, to a limited extent, normally after each meal, but a true 
fatty degeneration. Had it been mere infiltration the lesion would 
have been general, and not confined to particular regions of the 
organ ; the oil would have been in larger globules, and not in the 
fine molecular form seen in these specimens; and the hepatic 
cells would not have been broken down. 
The Kidneys were of natural size, but rather pale and flabby. 
When a transverse section is made across the tubules, the epi- 
thelium lining then is seen to be granular and swollen, sometimes 
to such an extent as to block up the tubule. In order to distinguish 
clearly that the obstruction in the tubules is composed of swollen 
epithelium, it is necessary to prepare the sections and render them 
transparent by treatment with oil of cloves. When this has been 
3 z 
VOL. VIII. 
