UPPER CHALK. 
S o i l . - « » Co io uv 3 generally brown, but by the sides of hills of various mellow tints, from that to 
brownish white. 
Consistence , loose, crumbly, thickly interspersed with Flints, absorbent 
Subsoil, and Ditches, white, dry. 
Excavations ditto ditto. 
Stratum, dry to a great depth. 
Water, remarkably bright and clear, in chalk roads and rivulets white in hasty rains. | 
The chalk Stratum is generally known by the feature which it gives to our Island, in the 
white cliffs of Britain, and long ranges of interior hills. 
For want of colour in the Stratum, it is defined in my map by a green line. 
Its course through the Island from the English Channel to the German Ocean, is from S. W. 
to N. E. from a point on the western extremity of Dorsetshire, to Flambro’head in Yorkshire, 
with a considerable curve to the eastward. It has two singular branches from Hampshire, one 
through Sussex, and the other through Surry and Kent, which approach the sea in their 
respective cliffs at Beachyhead and Dover. These are the chains of hills which it forms ; its 
greatest plains are in Wiltshire and Hampshire. 
Insular parts occur in the Isle of Thanet, and the Isle of Wight, and on the western 
extremities of the Stratum in Dorsetshire. 
The Flints which constantly accompany the upper part of this Stratum in abundance, furnish 
materials for its identification, far superior to those of the laxer Strata above it. 
Our fields and highways are frequently strewed with Zoophites, Echini, and other fine Fossils 
of this Stratum, turned up by the plough, or brought in Gravel for repairing the roads. 
The uppei part of the Chalk is particularly distinguished by numerous Zoophites, and other 
marine remains, so that in some parts there are but few of those innumerable knotty and 
irregular Flints, but owe their form to a nucleus of some such organization. 
ORGANIZED FOSSILS, 
FIG. 
1 Alcyonium Flint, others in Chalk 
2 Ditto - 
3 Serpula - 
4 Valves of Lepas, Linn. 
5 Hollow Valve of Ostrea 
6 Flatter Valve of Ditto 
7 Ditto attached to a Belemnite 
8 Pecten - - 
9 Terebratula subundata, (long variety) 
10 Echinus - 
1 1 Palate of a Fish 
Wighton. Wilts. 
Wighton. 
Norwich, 
Norwich. 
Norwich, 
Norwich. 
Norwich. 
Norwich. 
Norwich . 
N. of Norwich. Croydon. Taverham, Wilts, 
Warminster. 
