PORESt AND STREAM. 
43 
Joty ts, 1905.1 
I After a week’s rest I started, taking six days, and ar- 
' riVed home on a Saturday morning. Riding in the court- 
; yard and, dismounting, the first person I met was my 
father, who was never demonstrative and kept cool under 
all circumstances. He was glad to see me and shook my 
hands, but it took nearly five minutes to disentangle my- 
self from the embraces of mother and sisters. When 
finally I could turn around, father, who had a keen eye 
for good horseflesh, was walking around Pacha sizing up 
his good points. 
“Julius, where did you get that horse?” 
“Captured him from the Prussians.” 
“The Prussians have no Arab horses.” 
“Must have captured him themselves from the French. 
“Hum! Hum! it is doubtful!” 
However, he stopped his inquisition then and there 
and rode Pacha afterward as much, or more, than I did. 
I told him the true story a few days later, but I am not 
altogether sure until this day that_ he ever took much 
stock in it, he had been a soldier himself. Pacha was a 
splendid Arabian stallion, about seven years old then, and 
rriust have belonged to a French officer of the Algerian 
contingent ; his master was killed or wounded, and the 
horse wandered away, as hundreds of others did on that 
bloody field. He had all the sterling qualities of_ the 
Grud, but we never could break him to buggy or carriage, 
and, after a few ineffectual efforts, desisted. _ _ 
As a saddle horse he was simply perfect. A peculiarity 
of his was when let run in the large orchard he would go 
all by himself through the movements of an Arabian 
fantasia, charging full-tilt and stopping abruptly, raising 
on his hind legs and apparently in sheer exhibition of ani- 
mal spirits. I presume he was bred by an Arabian sheik 
and trained in his youth, and afterward sold or captured 
in a “razzia.” There are some of his descendants at home 
and in the surrounding country yet, and the most have 
some of his qualities. 
Nobody having ever claimed Pacha, I kept him, and he 
died on the place after many years of usefulness, one of 
the noblest horses, both in form and disposition, it has 
been my good fortune to possess. 
Julius the Fox Hunter. 
Trails of the Pathfinders. — XXXII. 
Fremont — IV. 
{Continued From Page ib' 2 , Vol . LXIV .) 
Keeping on down Snake River, sometimes in its vall^, 
sometimes, to avoid bad traveling, keeping back on the 
hills, the party went on. There was little to record of 
the journey, except general descriptions of the country, 
and the streams and places passed. The Indians seemed 
poor, and without any idea of providing for the future. 
, Before long the Grand Rond was passed ; and soon 
after this the party entered the timber, through a part 
of which they were obliged to cut their way. ytt-i • 
When the missionary station, occupied by Dr. Whit- 
man, was reached, it was found that he was absent on a 
visit to the Dalles of the Columbia ; but here were se«i 
a party of emigrants — men, women and children — all m 
good health, and living largely on potatoes, which were 
even then raised here of good quality and in some 
quantity. ' 
All the trading posts in the Oregon country were still 
controlled by the Hudson’s Bay people, but all recaved 
Fremont cordially and helped him on his way. 
crossed John Day’s river, the Des Chutes, called by Fre- 
liiont, Riviere aux Chutes. At the Dalles was a comfort- 
able settlement: “Two good-looking wooden dwelling 
houses, and a large school house, with stables, barn and 
garden, and large cleared fields between the houses and 
the river bank, on which were scattered the wooden huts 
of an Indian village.” Here the party again divided^, Fre- 
mont leaving a part of his people at the Dalles, with Car- 
son, while he and Mr. Breuss went on down the river by 
canoe. , , r 1 
The new mode of travel seemed very delightful to men 
who had been for months journeying on foot and on 
horseback over a rough country. It seemed very pleas- 
ant to float along down the broad stream, camping from 
time to time to build their fires, and cook the fat salmon, 
and potatoes and coffee, which they had, with bread and 
sugar— luxuries to which they had long been strangers. 
It was a motley group, but a contented one. Three In- 
dians assisted in paddling the canoe, while the commander 
of the expedition, the German Breuss, the Frenchman, 
Bernier, and the colored' man, Jacob, floated onward to 
the sea. Fremont’s eagerness to reach Fort Vancouver 
led him to travel during a part of each night j and for the 
greater part of the voyage they had beautiful weather, 
made good progress, and enjoyed the wonderful scenery. 
They were now in sight of the splendid Cascade range, 
and of the towering peaks of Mount Hood, St. Helens, 
and later. Mount Rainier. As they passed on down the 
river the hills grew lower, and presently, one night, they 
heard the noise of a sawmill at work on the bank, and 
camped not far from Fort Vancouver. Here, Dr. Mc- 
Laughlin, the executive officer of the Hudson’s Bay Com- 
pany for the territory west of the Rocky Mountains, re- 
ceived the travelers with that courtesy and hospitality for 
which he was so well known, and concerning which all 
those who passed through the region in early days spoke 
with so much gratitude. 
About the fort were many American emigrants, some 
of them in a more or less destitute condition, but all of 
them supplied with the necessaries of life by the kindly 
Hudson’s Bay officer, who allowed them to pay for what 
they had by their labor. 
From Dr. McLaughlin Fremont procured three months 
provisions, and through his kindness was enabled also 
to secure men and boats to transport these provisions up 
the river to the camp of his main party at the Dalles. 
The return journey was slow wuth the laden boats, for they 
were obliged to cordelle the Mackinaw along the shoue, 
being unable to overcome the swift water by their oars. 
Fremont was much impressed by the appearance of two 
barges of the express from Montreal, which he met com- 
ing down the river, and the system and rapidity with which 
the boatmen effected the portage and passed their boats 
over the cascades, is spoken of in terms of high praise. 
These boats, it appears, at that time carried the express of 
the Hudson’s Bay Company to the highest navigable point 
of the north fork of the Columbia, whence it was taken 
by an overland party to Lake Winnipeg, and there di- 
vided, a part going to Montreal and a part to Hudson 
Bay. Very likely this is the route spoken of by Ross 
Cox, who made such a journey nearly thirty years before, 
when, however, it was in the nature of an exploration 
and not of a traveled route. 
Fi'om the Dalles it was Fremont’s purpose to go south, 
on the west side of the Cascade range, as far as Klamath 
Lake — by Fremont written, Tlamath Lake; thence south 
to the reputed Buenaventura River, which is said to empty 
into San Francisco Bay; thence across the desert to the 
Rock Mountains, opposite the headwaters _ of the Ar- 
kansas River, and there, crossing the mountains, to follow 
down the Arkansas to Bent’s Fort, and so back to St. 
Louis. Much of this region was then quite unexplored, 
and certainly had never been passed over by a surveyor. 
To make this trip at the beginning of winter, the party 
consisted of twenty-five men, with 104 mules and horses, 
and a few California cattle, to be driven along as food 
for the company. 
After leaving the Dalles, Fremont’s whole party were 
occupied in making the necessary preparations for the 
start into this new region. Horses were purchased, pro- 
visions accumulated, all unnecessary baggage cut out and 
left behind, and the little wagon which had hitherto_ car- 
ried the instruments given to the mission. The howitzer, 
however, was to be taken with them. Here a Chinook 
Indian, nineteen years old, who had expressed a desire to 
see the whites, was permitted to join the party. 
They started Nov. 25 and followed along the plateau on 
the east flanks of the Cascade range, and so on the west- 
ern side, of the Fall River. The weather was cold and 
the streams frozen along the edges, while snow lay on 
the ground. When the sky cleared superb views were 
had of Mount St. Helens, Hood, Rainier, Jefferson and 
other mountains of what is now called the Bresidential 
range. The weather grew colder and the road more 
rough, it being over volcanic plains, often interrupted by 
deep gulches or stream valleys. They were now passing 
through the country of the Nez Berce, the Cayuse and 
certain tribes of Diggers, and heard from their Indian 
guides more or less alarming accounts of the fierceness 
and treachery of the Indians before them. Dec. 10 they 
reached Klamath Lake, and saw smoke arising from dif- 
ferent points about it. Here, for the purpose of encour- 
aging their guides, who evidently felt very shaky about 
the local Indians, and alarming the latter, Fremont caused 
the howitzer to be fired with a shell, and tells that “the 
bursting of the shell at a distance, which was sornething 
like a second fire of the gun, amazed and bewildered 
them with delight. It inspired them (the guides) with 
triumphant feelings, but on the camps at a distance the 
effect was different, for the smokes in the lake and on the 
shores immediately disappeared.” 
The next day Fremont set out to look up the Indians, 
and before long came near to a village from which two 
people were seen advancing to meet them. 
“We were surprised, on riding up, to find one of them 
a woman, having never, before known a squaw to_ take 
any part in the business of war. They were the village 
chief and his wife, who, in excitement and alarm at the 
unusual event and appearance, had come out to meet their 
fate together. The chief was a very prepossessing In- 
dian, with very handsome features, and a singularly soft 
and agreeable voice — so remarkable as to attract general 
notice. 
“The huts were grouped together on the bank of the 
river, which, from being spread out in a shallow marsh 
at the upper end of the lake, was collected here into a 
single stream. They were large, round huts, perhaps 
twenty feet in diameter, with rounded tops,_on which was 
the door by which they descended into the interior. With- 
in, they were supported by posts and beams. 
“Almost like plants these people seemed to have adapted 
themselves to the soil, and to be growing on what the 
immediate locality afforded. Their only subsistence at 
this time appeared, to be. a small fish, great quantities of 
which, that had been smoked and dried, were suspended 
on strings about the lodge. Heaps of straw were lying 
around, and their residence in the midst of grass and 
rushes had taught them a peculiar skill in converting this 
material to useful purposes. Their shoes were made of 
straw or grass, which seemed well adapted for a snowy 
country, and the women -wore on their heads a closely 
woven basket, which made a very good cap. Among other 
things, were parti-colored mats about four feet square, 
which we purchased to day on the snow under our blank- 
ets. and to use for tablecloths. 
“Numbers of singular-looking dogs, resembling wolves, 
were sitting on the tops of the huts, and of these we pur- 
chased a young one, which, after its birthplace, was 
named Tlamath. The language spoken by these Indians 
is different from that of the Shoshonee and Columbia 
River tribes, and otherwise than by signs they cannot 
understand each other. They made us' comprehend that 
they were at war with the people who lived to the south- 
ward and to the eastward, but I could obtain from them 
no certain information. The river on which they live en- 
ters the Cascade Mountains on the western side of the 
lake, and breaks through them by a passageTmpracticable 
for travelers, but over the mountains t0( the northward 
are passes which present no other obstacle than in the 
almost impenetrable forests. Unlike any _ Indians we 
had previously seen these wore shells in their noses. We 
returned to our comp, after remaining here an hour or 
two, accompanied by a number of Indians.” _ 
As many persons have been since that time, Fremont 
was much impressed by the attractions of Klamath Lake, 
and he stopped here a short time to rest his animals. From 
this point on there were no maps, and practically_ nothing 
could be learned of the country from the Indians, al- 
though they drew rough maps in the effort to direct the 
explorers. The road before them was hard and difficult, 
much of it through heavy forest, made hard to travel by 
fallen trees, and by snow, which was constantly growing 
deeper. After two or three very laborious and most un- 
certain days, they came suddenly to the edge of a preci- 
pice, from which they could look over into a green and 
sunshiny valley below, partly filled by a great lake, which, 
from its appearance, Fremont called Summer Lake. It 
stands so on the map to-day. The descent from the moun- 
tain was a difficult one, but at last a way was found. It 
was impossible, however, to reach the shores of the lake, 
on account of the deep mud. However, streams of good 
water were passed at sufficient intervals. They had now 
left the forest behind them, and their fuel consisted of 
willow twigs and sage brush. A little further along an- 
other lake was approached, called Lake Abert, after Col- 
onel Abert, who was then chief of engineers. The water 
of this lake, however, was very bad._ Everywhere about 
this lake were signs of Digger Indians, and about this 
time they came upon a broad trail over which horses had 
passed. Most of the country was sterile, and as they 
crossed the mountains, from the watershed of these lakes, 
they found snow a foot deep. 
While crossing a sage brush plain, riding along over 
the snow, the party suddenly came upon an Indian camp, 
consisting of two huts, open at the top, and loosely built 
of sage. As they approached them the Indians _ rushed 
out, and scattered to the hills, but a woman, carrying two 
children, was captured, and, screaming with terror, 
brought to the camp. , She was at last soothed, and in- 
duced to answer inquiries. These were Diggers, no doubt 
Biutes, of some one of the desert tribes. 
George Bird Grinnell. 
[to be concluded.] 
Begin Now* 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
In your editorials, from time tO' time and in communi- 
cations from your correspondents there is emphasized the 
wisdom of taking regular periods of rest, vacations of 
substantial length. 
The appeal is addressed to the class most in need of 
suspending for a while the strenuous life — the busy, push- 
ing, successful men who work with hand or brain, or 
both. The basis of the advice is usually, and wisely, 
founded on reasons hygienic, utilitarian, etc. I wish 
in a few words to emphasize a phase of the question that 
only the older of your readers are in a position fully to 
realize, and I assume that your readers are mostly men 
enjoying, in some degree, the love of the “wild,” the 
camp, the stream, the forest, the sea. 
We will assume the case of a typical American lad. 
He leaves the’ family roof tree with little impedimenta, 
but with a high determination to succeed in life._ He 
plunges into the fierce competitions characteristic of 
modern life. In his earlier years of struggle he takes no 
thought of genuine relaxation. Berhaps semi-occasionally, 
when the bow is unstrung, he looks back to the days of 
joy in boyhood when, tasks being done, he hied him away 
to the trout brook, or to the brier-infested field after the 
wary quail. Heaving a sigh he resolves some day to get 
a rod and gun and have a bit of the pleasures of long ago. 
Alas ! the resolution fades with the morrow. The zest 
for gain resumes its sway. The years, ten, twenty, thirty, 
pass. The purse is now plethoric to bursting. The rod 
and gun, of superb quality, are now purchased and a visit 
made to some choice stream or cover. The first few 
hours on the hillsides or wading the boulder-strewed 
stream evolve a touch of the old enthusiasm; but this 
wanes by jumps as the long unused muscles cry in loud 
protest against serving as of old. The laboring heart 
thumps at the throat its angry disapproval, and the spirit, 
no stronger than the flesh, relaxes, its fires die down, and 
the victim, surprised, irritated and disappointed, looks 
back with wonder that he ever found so much enjoyment 
in such diversions. 'Has he not these many years in his 
day dreams pictured himself enjoying day after day in 
uninterrupted happiness just such sport as this fair morn- 
ing affords? Has he been hugging to his heart a vain 
delusion, for half a lifetime? His open-eyed reason as- 
serts itself and says, “You fool! you think for a score of 
years to cramp the spirit and deny the healthful demands 
of the body in the mad race for wealth that you can now 
renew your wholesome youthful zest and enthusiasm as 
you would don a new garment? Can you eat your cake 
and have it? Don’t you realize that you are a prema- 
turely old man? Had you been wise with each recurring 
season you would for a time have withdrawn from the 
artificial life to the natural, renewing the joys and de- 
lights of youth, building up your abused and neglected 
body, and allowing your asphyxiated soul to revive and 
expand amid the countless glories of God’s undesecrated 
temples.” 
Sadly does our victim of the over-strenuous life realize 
now the force of the old, old story that nature never fails 
to exact thd penalty for violation of her laws. From this 
poor picture of ever recurring experiences the reader may 
easily draw the moral : Work by all means, but play also, 
and do not postpone the latter until some indefinite fu- 
ture time. Begin now, this year, to give your body and 
sOul their God-given rights. Hie away to the mountains, 
stream or sea. If slim of. resource with a bit of canvas 
make you a pack for the back, or with a few boards build 
a sufficient boat. Sleep under the stars, eat of your own 
gathering; and, your whole being renewed and reju- 
venated, return to the scene of your labors strengthened 
in body and sweetened in spirit. Roeel. 
Trained Foresters in Demand. 
Washington, D. C., June 27.- — The demand for for- 
esters is increasing rapidly both for State work and with 
private owners. Many States now have forest commis- 
sioners, and several of them have State foresters. A 
trained forester at $2,400 a year and two assistant for- 
esters at $1,200 each are wanted by California. Wiscon- 
sin wants an assistant forester at $1,500, Indiana a for- 
ester to take charge of its State reserve, and Washington 
offers $1,800 a year for a trained forester. In many other 
States the advisability of creating the office of State for- 
ester has been under discussion this year, and it is only 
a matter of a few years when such an official will be con- 
sidered a regular part of an efficient State government. 
The demand for foresters by private timber owners is 
growing at a still more rapid rate. During the last 
twelve months seven of the Bureau of Forestry force 
have left to take up work with such owners, and four 
have accepted public positions— two with Massachusetts, 
one with Connecticut, and the fourth with Ontario, Can- 
ada. A number of other requests from private owners 
cannot be met because men are not available. The year 
before there were less than half as many applications for 
trained men. But the demand for trained specialists in 
this line has only begun. _ 
