Aug. 12, 1905.] 
FOREST AND STREAM 
IS 7 
period of its existence, Southern sportsmen can insure 
the permanent establishment of the only field trial as- 
sociation in the far South. Organization and acquaint- 
ance among the devotees of field sports will be pro- 
moted and their influence increased, and from this, 
other clubs, more or less allied, but devoted chiefly to 
the interest of the bird dog and the fox hound, will 
readily and naturally take origin. 
Executive Committee: Henry Dickson Bruns, M.D., 
, President and Chairman, New Orleans, La.; Wm. 
Porcher Miles, Vice-President, Burnside, La.; J. C. 
George, Esq., Vice-President, Stephenville, Tex.; Jos. 
I Redhead, Esq., Vice-President, Centreville, Miss.; G. 
i King Logan, M.D., Secretarv-Treasurer, New Orleans, 
La. 
After Feb. i, 1906, address mail and express to Dr. 
M. F. Rogers, Chairman of Arrangements Committee, 
New Albany, Miss. 
Dogs must be at place of meeting by night of Feb. 24, 
1906. 
A Breeders^ Myth. 
Beecher, at the end of the seventeenth century, pointed 
out that “when a mare had had a mule by an ass and 
afterward a foal by a horse, there are evident marks on 
the foal of the mother having retained some ideas of her 
former paramour the ass.” That mares used in mule 
breeding are liable to be “infected” is still widely be- 
lieved; but irrefragable evidence of the influence of the 
ass persisting, as Agassiz assumed, is conspicuous by its 
absence. Darwin says : “It is worth notice that farmers 
in South Brazil are convinced that mares which have 
once borne mules, when subsequently put to horses, are 
extremely liable to produce colts striped like a mule.” 
Baron de Perana, on the other hand, says : “I have many 
relatives and friends who have large establishments for 
the rearing of mules, where they obtain from 400 to i,000’ 
[ mules in a year. In all these establishments, after two- 
■ or three crossings of the mare and ass, the breeders cause 
' the mare to be put to- a horse ; yet a purebred foal has 
’ never been produced resembling either an ass or a mule.” 
The prevalence of the belief in telegony at the present 
day is largely due to a case of supposed infection re- 
‘ ported to the Royal Society in 1820 by Lord Morton. It 
f was the following : 
i A chestnut mare, after having a hybrid by a quagga,, 
[ produced to a black Arab horse three foals showing a 
; number of stripes; in one of these more stripes were 
' present than in the quagga hybrid. The more, however,. 
: the case of Lord Morton’s chestnut mare is considered, 
' the less convincing is the evidence it affords in favor of 
: infection. Stripes are frequently seen in high-caste 
Arabs, and cross-bred colts out of Arab mares sometimes 
present more distinct bars across the legs and other 
zebra-like markings than characterized the subsequent 
offspring of Lord Morton’s seven-eighths Arabian mare. 
In the absence of control experiments there is therefore 
no reason for assuming Lord Morton’s chestnut mare 
would have produced less striped offspring had she been 
mated with the black Arabian horse before giving birth 
, to a quagga hybrid. 
To account for the stripes on the subsequent foals, it 
is only necessary (now that the principles of cross-breed- 
ing are better understood) to assume that in the cross- 
bred chestnut mare there lay latent the characteristics of 
the Kattiwar or other Indian breeds in which stripes 
■commonly occur. Darwin and others have regarded Lord 
Morton’s mare as affording very strong evidence in sup- 
port of the infection hypothesis. It was considered some 
years ago desirable to repeat Lord Morton’s experiment 
as accurately as possible. The quagga having become 
extinct, a number of mares were put to a richly striped 
Burchell zebra, and subsequently bred with Arab, thor- 
oughbred, and cross-bred sires. Other mares were used 
for control experiments. Thirty mares put to a Burchell 
■zebra produced seventeen hybrids and subsequently 
twenty purebred foals. The mares used for control ex- 
periments produced ten purebred foals. , 
Unlike Lord Morton’s quagga hybrids, all the zebra 
hybrids were richly and sometimes very distinctly striped, 
■some of them having far more stripes than their zebra 
parent. Of the subsequent foals, three out of Highland 
mares presented indistinct markings at birth. But as 
equally distinct markings occurred in two purebred High- 
land foals out of mares which had never seen a zebra, 
it was impossible to ascribe the stripes on the foals born 
after zebra hybrids to infection of their respective dams. 
Further, the subsequent foals afforded no evidence_ of 
infection either in the mane, tail, hoofs, or disposition. 
Of the purebred foals, i. e., the foals by purebred sires 
■out of mares which had never been mated with a zebra, 
two were striped at birth, and one acquired stripes later ; 
they were revealed as the foal’s coat was shed. More- 
over, while the faint markings on the foals born after 
hybrids completely disappeared with the foals’ coat, the 
stripes on the purebred colts persisted. One of the per- 
manently striped colts — a bay — was out of a black Shet- 
land mare by a black Shetland sire, one was by a dun 
. Norwegian pony out of a roan-colored Arab mare, while 
the third was by a Norwegian pony, out of a half-bred 
bay Arab mare. 
It has been asserted by believers in telegony that evi- 
dence in infection may appear in the second, though not 
present in the first generation. By w'ay of testing this 
assumption, a bay filly, the half-sister of a richly striped 
li3darid, was put to a cross-bred Flighland pony, and a 
Highland mare, while nursing her hybrid foal, was put 
to a colt, the half-brother of a hybrid. The result was 
two fillies which in no single point either suggested a 
zebra or a zebra hybrid. Similar results having been 
obtained with horses and asses, there is no escape from 
the conclusion that the telegony tradition is not con- 
firmed by such methodical investigations as were sug- 
gested some years ago by Professor Wiesman. Experi- 
ments with cats, rabbits, and mice, with sheep and cattle, 
with fowls and pigeons, like the experiments with horses 
and dogs, fail to afford any evidence that offsprings in- 
herit any of their characters from previous mates of the 
dam, i. e., they entirely fail to prove that a female animal 
is liable to be so influenced by her first mate that how- 
ever subsequently mated, the offspring will either in 
structure or disposition give some hint of the previous 
mate. 
In’ considering telegony, it may be mentioned that some 
breeders not only believe that the dam is liable to be in- 
fected by the sire, but also that the sire may acquire some 
of the characteristics of his mates. This belief seems to 
be especially prevalent among breeders of cattle; but 
how, for instance, a long-horned Highland bull, used for 
crossing with black hornless Gallo-way cows could sub- 
sequently get Galloway-like calves out of pure Highland 
heifers it is impossible to imagine. 
In conclusion, it may be pointed out that it was only 
natural for breeders and physiologists in by-gone days 
to account for some of their results by the infection 
hypothesis. Even now we know surprisingly little about 
the causes of variation, and not many years ago it was 
frequently asserted that there was no such thing as rever- 
sion or throwing back to an ancestor. But even were 
the laws of heredity and variation better understood, the 
fact remains that -v\e know little of the origin of the ma- 
jority of our domestic animals. On the other hand, from 
■ the experiments of Mendel and others, we no-vv know 
that cross-bred animals and plants may present all the 
characters of one of their purebred parents, and we also 
know that the offspring of what are regarded as pure- 
bred parents sometimes revert to remote, it may be, quite 
different ancestors. The better we understand the laws 
of heredity and variation, and the more we learn of the 
history of the germ cells, the less need will there be to 
seek for explanations from telegony and other like doc- 
trines. — H. R. B. Tweed, in Our Dogs. 
National Beagle Club of Ametica. 
C.4MDEN, N. J., Aug. 4. — At a meeting of the Executive 
Committee of this club, held on Aug. 3, in New York city, 
it was determined to hold the sixteenth annual field trials 
of this club during the week commencing Oct. 30. The 
place of holding the trials will be determined upon when 
the report of the committee on grounds has been received. 
At this meeting the following committees were ap- 
pointed by the chairman : Committee on Grounds — 
Messrs. James W. Appleton, Charles R. Stevenson and 
William G. Rockefeller. Committee on Judges — Messrs. 
C. Staley Doub, Charles R. Stevenson and George F. 
Reed. Committee on Arrangements — Messrs. George F. 
Reed, Henry Dickson Bruns and A. J. Purinton. Com- 
mittee on Premium Lists — Messrs. James W. Appleton, 
Charles R. Stevenson and William G. Rockefeller. Field 
'Trial Committee — Charles R. Stevenson , chairman, Cam- 
den, N. J. ; Henry Dickson Bruns, Howardsville. Va. ; 
John Caswell. Pride’s Crossing, Mass. ; Ernest Gill. Bal- 
timore, Md. : Samuel Frothingham, Lenox, Mass. ; Harry 
T. Peters, New York; A. J. Purinton, Palmer, Mass.; 
George B. Post, Jr., New York; George F. Reed, Barton, 
AT.; William G. Rockefeller, New York; William Saxby, 
Stony Brook. L. I.; Bradford S. Turpin, Roxbury, Mass.; 
Charles F. Brooke, Sandy Springs, Md. ; Harry Payne 
Whitney. New York; James W. Appleton, New York; C. 
Staley Doub, Frederick, Md. : Ramsay Turnbull, Ber- 
nardsville, N. J., and T. Dudley Riggs, Stevenson, Md. 
Chas. R. Stevenson, Sec’y. . 
Yachting Fixtures for, J905. 
Members of Race Committees and Secretaries will confer a favor 
by sending notice of errors or omissions in the following list, and 
also changes which may be made in the future: 
AUGUST. 
9. Corinthian, M. Y. R. A,, open. 
9. Sea Side, club. ' ' 
9. Seaside Park, club. : ' 
10. Corinthian, M. Y. R. A., open. 
10. Seaside Park, ladies’ race. ^ .. T, 1 
10. New York, cruise, rendezvous cups, Glen Cove. ! 
11. New York, cruise, Glen Cove to Morris Cove. 
, 12. New York, cruise, Morris Cove to New London, ■ 
11. Corinthian M. Y. R. A., open. 
12. Beverly, club. 
12. Sea Side, open. 
: 12. West Hampton. C. C., association. , 
12. Atlantic, Havens cup. 
12. Corinthian, M. Y. R. A., open. 
12. New Rochelle, long-distance race. 
12. Knickerbocker, one-design power boats. ! . ' 
12. Seaside Park, Sewell cup. 
' 12. Canada’s cup races, Charlotte. 1" 
12. White Lake, power boat races. • 
- 12. Chicago, club. _ I . 
j 12. San Francisco, cruise. ' 
12. Corinthian of San Francisco, cruise. 
12. Sunnyside, Toronto, commodore’s cup. 
12. Bridgeport, annual. 
12. Horseshoe Flarbor, annual. 
12. Rhode Island, cruise. • ' / 
13. Rhode Island, cruise. ' ' 
13. Manhasset Bay, club. : 
14. New York, cruise. New London to Newport. 
14. Manchester, M. Y. R. A., open. 
14. Boston, club, Marblehead. , . , 
14. Jamaica Bay, club. ' ’ 
- 15. Manchester, M. Y. R. A., open. i i ■ 
15. East Gloucester, club. 
15. Sachem’s Head, special. ^ _ 
15. New York, Astor cups. 
16. Seaside Park, club. . 1 
16 New York, cruise, Newport to Vineyard Haven. 
16. East Gloucester, M. Y. R. A., open. 
16. Bristol, open. 
17 New York, cruise, Vineyard Haven to Marblehead. 
17. East Gloucester, M. Y. R. A., open. 
17. Seaside Park, ladies’ race. ... 
17. American Power Boat Association, cruise. 
18. Annisquam, M. Y. R. A., open. y 
18. Shinnecock, ladies’ race. 
18. Eastern, power boat, races. , 
18. Bristol, club. . ' ! 
18. Galveston, annual. . . 
19. llugenot, annual. 
19. .Annisquam, M. Y. R. A., open, 
19. Noriiiport, annual. 
19. Seaside Park, club. 
19. Knickerbocker, one-design power boats. 
19. Wollaston, ' club. 
19. White Lake, open. . , , L 
19 . pensonhurst, fourth championship. 
Defense of the Canada Cup. 
The coming Canada’s Cup races, which are to com- 
mence on Saturday, Aug. 12, have inspired more en- 
thusiasm in the hearts of yachtsmen along Lake On- 
tario than any former years. More yachts have been 
built to compete in the trials; more money has been 
invested to bring them to the highest standard of ef- 
ficiency, and more owners have interested themselves 
in the project. 
It is the first time in the history of the Rochester 
Y. C. that this organization has been called upon to 
defend the trophy, although it has won the cup twice. 
It will be the third time that the Royal Canadian Y. C. 
of Toronto has sent her challenger after the mug, and 
should they be victorious, it will prove the third suc- 
cessful attempt to return the coveted prize to Canadian 
waters. Curiously enough the challengers have always 
won. Toronto has set out this summer with a firm de- 
termination to keep up her splendid record of successful 
invasions, her hopes fortified by precedent. Rochester, 
twice winner of the trophy, looks fondly back on her 
achievements of the past, and smiles grimly as she 
realizes that within her grasp is the yachting honor of 
the .Great Lakes. 
In round numbers, an aggregate of $30,000 has been 
expended to capture or retain the Canada’s Cup. Six 
30ft. yachts have competed in the trial races, represent- 
ing productions from the boards of such celebrated de- 
signers as Fife and Mylne, C. F. Herreshoff, and Gard- 
ner. Two of the trial contestants are of amateur de- 
si^i, and one of them at least has proved her 
ability to rank with the creations of the best. The three 
candidates in the Toronto trials, Temeraire, Zoraya,- and 
Naniwa, representing Fife, Mylne, and Fearnside re- 
spectively, had a tryout of fifteen races, the Fife offer- 
ing taking thirteen of them, and demonstrating, con- 
clusive^^ her fitness for the Cup races. 
The Flower City trials brought together three closely 
matched and speedy 30-footers. There was Rochester, 
designed by Mr. AVilliam Gardner; Iroquois, a creation 
of Mr. Charles F. Herreshoff, and Kee Lox.IL, de- 
signed by Pembroke brothers, of Rochester, two ama- 
teurs. 
The best racing ever seen at Charlotte was the result. 
Out of thirteen races sailed, Rochester captured seven, 
Iroquois five, and .Kee Lox II. one. On windward 
work in heavy weather, Iroquois proved fastest. With 
jib doused and staysail flattened well down Iroquois 
is a wonder at going to windward, and defeated her 
rivals handily on almost every weather leg sailed. The 
Herreshoff boat proved fast off the wind as well, al- 
though on this work, Rochester seemed to have a shade 
the better of it. All of the races were close, in several 
of then-i only a few seconds separating the contestants 
at the finish. Kee Lox II. won one race over a wind- 
ward and leeward course, and landed second place in 
half a dozen contests. 
No more favorable weather could have been desired 
for the trials. The first day brought a baby hurricane 
from the E., that registered 25 miles an hour at the Life- 
Saving Station. There was a long roll to the lake, and 
the yachts were buffeted about considerably. Two races 
were sailed, Iroquois winning both. All three boats 
were under double reefs and storm jibs. The first race 
was over a triangluar 9-mile course, Iroquois defeating 
Kee Lox II. by im. i8s., and Rochester by im. 56s. 
Two hours later the second race was started, a beat to 
the east buoy and a run home, a distance of 6 miles. 
Kee Lox II. had to drop out of this race, having lost 
a balloon jib halliard block. Again Iroquois showed 
her heels to Rochester, but the latter pressed the Her- 
reshoff boat hard at the finish, crossing only 24s. be- 
hind. The boats were tried out again the next day in 
a 20-mile breeze from the W. Rochester got a lead at 
the start, which was increased materially through the 
skippers of Kee Lox II. and Iroquois getting into a 
luffing match. On the second leg Iroquois sustained a 
long crack in her boom and was obliged to drop sail 
and call for a tow back to the harbor. All three boats 
made bad weather of it in this race, Kee Lox II. givino- 
up when 3 miles from the finish. Rochester was the 
only boat to cross the line. 
More accidents befell the racers on the following day. 
In the morning, while beating to the outer mark in a 
15-mile breeze, Rochester broke her jib strut and 
turned tail for home; and in the afternoon Kee Lox II. 
crushed in a spreader, which incapacitated her for 
further work that day. In the morning race, on a 4- 
mile leg to windward, IroqUois beat Kee Lox II. by 
6m. 30s., and lost us. on the run home. In the after- 
noon, over the same course, shortened by 2 miles, 
Rochester defeated- Iroquois to the mark by 45s., losing 
19s. on the run home. The same day, in a triangular 
race, Rochester came home the winner by im. 28s. The 
same skipper, Mr. L. G. Mabbett, held the tiller on aU 
