314 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
tOcT. 14, 1905. 
and the main plant of the Amalgamated Company. The 
principal suit is that filed in Deer Lodge county. Four- 
teen plaintiffs are named in the complaint, and the facts 
concerning the building and remodeling of the Washoe 
smelter in 1902 and 1903 are recited. Then follows a 
general allegation of damages from the sulphurous and 
poisonous smoke and fumes from the big stack to prop- 
erty, real and personal, in what is styled as the smoke 
zone- in the Deer Lodge valley, comprising an aggregate 
of 100 square miles. 
The complaint states that many of the farmers and 
ranchers in Deer _ Lodge valley, including some of the 
plaintiffs, settled in the valley and built up homes as 
early as i860; that all who came to the valley prospered, 
and that vegetation of all kinds, live stock and the like, 
prospered until the coming of the smelter and the emis- 
sion of poisonous fumes from its stack began. Then 
came a change. 
It is asserted that vegetation of all kinds is killed by 
the sulphurous fumes; that live stock running on the 
range in the valley is extinct, and that the once fertile 
and prosperous valley is being made desolate by the 
poisonous fumes_ from the big stack. One hundred farm- 
ers are involved in the suits. 
Another wolf was caught in Minneapolis Sunday. Eu- 
gene Jefferies, of 147 North Ninth street, brought the 
carcass of a large male wolf to the city hall yesterday 
afternoon and secured the bounty of $7.50. The animal 
was caught on the St. Louis tracks near Holden street. 
Jefferies spied it prowling among a lot of freight cars. 
He secured an ax and stunned the animal. Taking it to 
his home he put it in the cellar. The cool air of the 
place revived the animal and it became so fierce in its 
endeavors to escape that the capturer had to kill it. It 
evidently came to town in one of the freight cars, and 
is the second wolf caught in the city limits within ten 
days. 
In Massachusetts and Maine. 
Boston, Oct. 7. — -Editor Forest and Stream: The con- 
ventions of the political parties in Boston this week 
have brought to the “Hub” several thousand men from 
all over the State, and your correspondent has re- 
ceived calls from several. One of these that I was es- 
pecially glad to see, was Dr. C. N. Raymond, of 
Rehoboth. When the State Association extended an 
invitation to- various clubs to meet in convention to 
discuss matters pertaining to fish and game in 1898, Dr. 
Raymond represented the Farmers’ Club of his town, 
of which he is president. His club was the first of the 
kind to respond by sending a delegate. At a subse- 
quent convention in 1899 he was again sent as a dele- 
gate, and with him came Mr. Wm. R. Randall, of 
Providence, president of a club composed of memT'^r^ 
from that city (fifty or more), who have fishing and 
hunting privileges and a club house in Rehoboth. Mr. 
Randall at that time became a life member of the 
Massachusetts Fish and Game Protective Association. 
The doctor still retains his great interest in the protec- 
tion of game and fish. 
Another friend, with whom I passed a pleasant hour, 
was Mr. Charles Clark Munn, of Springfield, the well- 
known author of “Uncle Terry,” “The Hermit,” and 
other stories, illustrative of country, seashore and 
woods life. Mr. Munn rehearsed some of his personal 
experiences in fishing and hunting in Massachusetts 
and Maine, which threw sidelights on how things are 
done, -and revealed methods of guides and fishermen 
that are known only to the practical sportsman. I 
was especially interested in facts he gave me concerning 
the marketing of short lobsters in certain shore places 
he has visited. 
Mr. Andrews, of Hudson, tells me one of his neigh- 
bors recently found a lot of snares set for partridges. 
The idea that there is no snaring must be abandoned. 
A report from Dr. Woodward, of Middleborough, is 
to the effect that hunters in his section are not finding 
as many birds as were expected — this has reference 
more especially to ruffed grouse. Mr. Thomas, of the 
same town, speaks encouragingly in reference to quail. 
In his tramp about South Sandwich, ex-president Reed 
has seen a few_ partridges, and says he knows of several 
coveys of quail. He is confident that the Cape district 
will have some quail for the sportsmen when the season 
opens (Nov. i), and that there is no imminent danger 
of their extermination in that part of the State. It 
is well known that quail have been more numerous 
there than in any other portion of Massachusetts. 
Hon. Salem D. Charles has always been an enthus- 
iastic hunter of birds, as well as foxes, and is a fre- 
quent visitor to towns in the central part of the State. 
He reports finding quail all gone, and only a fair 
number of grouse. He declares the time is coming 
when there must be a close period of two years on 
partridges, and then a bag limit of three per day and 
fifteen in a season. 
It is seldom that one finds a practical sportsman an 
advocate for a close time of a series of years. One 
of the objections advanced against that plan is, that if 
at the end_ of the closed period there is a large increase 
of birds in the covers, that fact becomes known to 
hunters outside the closed area, and they rush in and 
in a short time clean them all up, so the gain is only 
temporary. 
Mr. De Pass, statistician of the Boston Chamber of 
Commerce, _ suggests a close period of two years on 
quail. _ While such a restriction would be observed by 
conscientious, law-abiding hunters to the advantage of 
quail preservation, these same men would put more 
time into grouse hunting to the disadvantage of that 
bird — one species would be favored at the expense of 
the other. Unhappily it must be acknowledged that 
there are many gunners (we will not call them sports- 
men) who, when they get into a region removed from 
observation, pay little heed to game laws. To them 
close time is a bonanza. 
In Massachusetts during October, it is feared, not a 
few quail will find their way into- the bags of such men. 
There are not a few among the sportsmen of the Bay 
State who would have been better pleased with a change 
prohibiting the killing of ruffed grouse and woodcock, 
as well as quail, during October, and some would have 
gone, so far- as to close the covers against bird shoot- 
ing -fOT the entire open season this year. Much will 
depend upon the good behavior of the hunters this 
season, and the number of birds left over at the end 
of November. 
There is a determined attitude among men interested 
in perpetuating bird-life in our State, and public senti- 
ment in favor of bird protection is gaining strength 
every year. Mr. De Pass tells me he can see an im- 
provernent in the neighborhood of Watertown, where 
he resides, as regards the number of foreigners in the 
woods. Heretofore he has seen several every day — this 
season he has seen none. He attributes this to- the 
alien-license law. This is refreshing, and I hope it is 
the forerunner of many similar reports from other 
sections. 
Commissioner Brackett has just celebrated his eighty- 
seventh birthday quietly at his home in Winchester. 
Dr. Field and Commissioner Delano are expected to 
return in a few days from their trip to the British- 
provinces. During their absence Deputy Burney, of 
Lynn, has been passing much of his time in the office 
of the Commissioners-. 
Several Boston gunners have been getting sonle birds 
at Swan Neck,, Martha’s VilleyBrd. 
Mr. Hopkinson, of Reading, is going this week to 
his canlp In Wellfl^et, and he tells me a friend got a 
nice bunch of snipe on the meadows in Tewksbury 
last week, 
Chairman Poland, of the Central Committee, got a 
few birds la,st Monday not far from his home in Wake- 
field, and he tells me the guitners are getting quite a 
lot of teal on Lake QuannapoWet. 
Mr. Burroughs writes from Hyannisport, that some- 
thing drove a quail off his lot and left twelve eggs 
half batched. He puts the question whether a bird- 
dog would do that. Will you be kind enough to- give 
your Opinion on the subject? 
Efforts are being made to form a fish and game as- 
sociation by local sportsmen in Claremont, N. H., the 
leader in the movement being Mr. E. H. King. 
E. J. Burlingame, Esq., of Cumberland Hill, R. I., 
who is president of the protective association there, has 
caused the arrest of several foreigners for shooting 
robins. 
Mr. E. C. Fitch, president of the Waltham Watch Com- 
pany, has recently returned from a 546-mile tour by auto 
through Maine and into Canada. His party went pre- 
pared for fishing and hunting and for comfortable living 
without being compelled to rely on hotel accommodations. 
From Portland they went to Mattawamkeag and Patten. 
They first pitched their tents at Masardis. They jour- 
neyed thence through Ashland and the French settle- 
ments about Eagle Lake. They forded the St. John River, 
going through Edmunston, thence to- Notre Dame du Lac, 
and spent several days in camp at Bic, on the lower St. 
Lawrence, during which they secured a fine caribou. They 
made the return trip by train. 
The conductor on a Boston & Albany train reports see- 
ing three deer, which leaped out from the woods near 
So,'uth Barre just ahead of the engine, and keeping in the 
middle of the_road bed raced the train a distance of three 
miles. Near Coldbfook station Constable Webster, stand- 
ing on the depot platform, saw the deer, one after another, 
make the leap from the iron bridge into the Ware River 
from a height of not less than twenty-five feet. 
Mirny Massachusetts huiiters were o-n the qui vive to 
kill deer on the opening of the season in Maine Oct. 2. 
The : receipts at Bangor on Friday, Oct. 6, were thirty- 
seven deer. L. P. Richardson, of Pepperell, Mass., got 
two in the Sunkhare region, near Oldtown. George L. 
Osborn, of Boston, secured a doe in Washington county. 
G. H. Lewis and C. P. Morris, of Boston, got good bucks. 
H. M. Rowell, of Worcester, W. A. Harden, of Hudson, 
and W. H. Bell, of BU erly, got t vvo- each. 
There is a long list of native hunters from Portland, 
Bangor, Houlton and half a dozen other Maine cities and 
towns who brought out deer — probably equaling the total . 
brought by non-residents. It was reported that fifty men 
of Houlton were jo take to> the woods for deer on the 
first day of the season. 
On the point of starting for the woods from Boston are 
H. |M. Davis and wife, and B. F. Shattuck and wife, of 
Boston, who are to make the trip in an automobile to 
Jo. Mary. Allen McAdams and E. E. Pettee are off 
for the Allegash. 
E. U. Baldwin, of Winchester, and F. E. Heller, of S. 
S. Pierce & Co., H. W. Priest, of Beach Bluff, will have 
as companion A. H. Shaw, of Bath, Me. 
A. W. Hooper goes to Ashland and L. Dana Chapman 
to Square Lake. 
Mr. Herbert Lawton, of Boston, has just returned from 
a three week.s’ fishing trip to the Nipigon waters, and 
shows in the window of Daniel Stoddard & Co., Wash- 
ington street, three beautiful mounted brook trout he took 
on this trip, weighing respectively 6 ^^, 6)4 and 7 pounds. 
H. H. Kimball. 
How Fishes Find their Way in 
the Water. 
This subject has been one of much discussion without 
resulting in any definite conclusion to many. 
One opinion given is that fish are directed by an obser- 
vation of bottom ground, or other land guides, by depth 
of water, its temperature, etc. Temperature undoubtedly 
has a bearing on the subject, as fish seek and occupy 
zones most to their liking, of which a prominent illustra- 
tion is shown by the Gulf Stream, inhabited by a class of 
fish which are not found outside of it, excepting in corre- 
sponding temperature. 
All fish are cold-blooded, yet the cetacean family, com- 
prising the whale, orca, porpoise, seal and kindred, avoid 
warm temperatures and invade the most frigid regions. 
But the seeking by the anadromous families of their ap- 
propriate spawning localities when scattered about in the 
depths of the sea and the directness of their efforts has 
been a subject of surprise. 
_A conclusion generally arrived at is that fishes are 
directed by instinct; by that mysterious inward impulse 
which unreasoning blindly directs its possessor for the 
preservation of its kind. True enough in the respect of 
propagation in the necessitated element of fresh water, 
which nature impels a seeking for it at. the appropriate 
season. 
The question arises, how does the fish find its way to 
the_ fresh water stream, as instanced by those which un- 
erringly arrive at the locality where their young lives 
commenced. We will admit a priori, that fishes do find 
their way in the water. It is my opinion, that fishes find 
their way through the water by explainable methods, as 
readily as humanity does ip, a forest where prominent 
objects direct the way, 
The sense of smell or a sense analagous to that is 
very strongly developed in fishes, especially in the Salmo 
family, with which I have had more experience than with 
any other. In the Salmo family and with many others 
there is a prominent line mark extending on the body 
from the head to the tail, which, when examined closely, 
exhibits a cellular structure apart from the adjoining 
body. _ What bearing this feature has upon the possessor 
is conjectured, but may comprise a sense of communica- 
tion which has not been estimated. There are probably 
other senses in creation which we do not know of, inde- 
pendent of the human category of five, which have a 
bearing little understood. 
In the absence of a strictly appropriate designation I 
will call scent, as the element of perceptiveness which 
enables fishes to find their way in the water, and I will 
present my views in support of that theory from such 
observations as I have experienced. 
All fishermen have noted the rapid way trout have in 
expelling the artificial fly if not hooked, and the attractive 
way bait-fishing has of drawing trout from a distance if 
followed in one place, the odor of which moving by slow 
currents reaches the perceptive organs of fish. , Beyond 
this there is a condition of body which imparts to other 
fishes, and likewise attracts, which is inexplicable to our 
ordinary senses. That which is indicated by the members 
of a school of fish in keeping to.gether, though often 
widely separated beyond any possibility of being aided by 
vision, conspicuous with porpoises, orcas, sword and 
flying fish and an endless variety of other fishes. Whales 
upon a uniform feeding route will be widely separated, 
and it is a well known fact, that the harpooning of a 
whale belonging to a school will be almost immediately 
communicated to the other members, separated half a 
dozen miles apart, as observed by whalers. 
An eminent naturalist, Matthias Dunn, describes the 
lateral line as consisting in its cells of jelly or mucus, 
having patches of sensitive hairs here and there, as elec- 
trical implements pure and simple, inclosing the whole 
body of the fish, and that these cells are of the same char- 
acter as those in the electric or stinging ray. That the 
fish brain is a magnet polarized by the influence of the 
peculiar structure of the lateral line, constituting a new 
sense _ which_ he designates as the electric dermal, which, 
he thinks, aids the migrating fish directly to its destina- 
tion for spawning grounds or other localities. The latter 
conclusion may perhaps be of some doubt, though it may 
under natural laws guide the fish in response to magnetic 
effect from the rocks, sands and other elements. 
Stahr, the naturalist, considers that the sense of hearing 
is imparted by the influence of the lateral line. 
Fishermen have observed the feeding activity of salmon 
and trout before the commencement of a storm, the com- 
ing event being communicated probably through the 
lateral line. This activity may be the result of electric 
stimulus, or .a, provision of nature, in communicating by 
wireless telegraphy the necessity of obtaining food or 
depth shelter before the effect of combating elements. 
That fishes have a limited memory there can be but little 
doubt. . " , . 
Seth Green related in his hatchery experience of a pet 
2-pound trout in one of his hatchery pools, which, being 
so tame as to take food from his hand, but w'ould dare 
wildly away if he approached with a fly-rod, although it 
gave no attention to a walking-stick waved out over the 
water.- This resulted from Mr. Green having once 
caught the trout on a fly-rod with a barbless hook. Con- 
trary to this instance of memory I have often caught 
trout which had but a short time before escaped by the 
breaking pff_ of the fly, or the leader, with the evidence 
of the previous hooking visible from the imbedded fly, 
and perhaps tvith a d.nngling remnant of a jeadef. I have 
