Mov. 25, 1905.1 
FOREST AND STREAM 
44l 
cross section has & great deal to do with the weatherli- 
tiess of the boat. The schooner Elmina only draws 
Sin. more than the schooner Corona without her center- 
board, and yet the Corona is no match for the other to 
windward, even when her centerboard is down. The 
Lasca, drawing less than lift., would not bear more 
than 4ft. bin. of centerboard; if more was used she 
would not forereach as fast. 
“This makes it appear as if the day for the center- 
board has passed. If the modern profile is used there 
is no place to locate it, and if not properly located the 
centerboard is of little use. The long overhang, small 
cross section fin, the joy of the repair yard and the vex- 
ation of the owner, is legislated out of existence, and 
no tears will be shed at the passing of this species of 
naval architectural graft. And the fact that the. cube 
root of the displacement expressed in cubic feet is used 
as a divisor puts a premium on- large displacement and 
really makes a full boat measure less. 
“And the old bugbear of a boat going below her 
waterline is a thing of the past, and the real speed that 
is in a boat can now be got out of her by more or less 
ballast, as the case may call for. One of the great 
factors of speed is the proper amount of weight, and 
this is known only to the inner circle. This perception 
must be born, and cannot be learned. 
“The large displacement does away to a certain ex- 
tent with the need of light construction in order to 
make the boat float at a certain line or be outclassed. 
“The designer now has a free hand to select what 
dimensions he deems the best for his purpose. And, 
what will be good news to the owner, the best racer 
with a small rig will be the best cruiser and a cruiser 
that' will sail fast and have more than the virtue of a 
can buoy. 
“Finally, it is the opinion of those who are qualified 
to judge that the new measurement will produce an 
honest boat, and if continued long enough will produce 
the best boats we have ever had — boats that will give 
good service.” 
Boston Letter. 
Boston Y. C. Champions.- — The Regatta Committee of 
the Boston Y. C. has announced the following percent- 
ages for championships for the season of 1905 : 
Class E — 22-footers. 
Average. 
Tyro, W. H. Joyce 917 
Medric II., H. H. White 717 
Peri II., Morton Prince 645 
Rube, H. L. Bo-wden .623 
Nutraeg, A. C. Jones 462 
Clotho, Cheney & Panning 421 
Medric, George Lee 307 
Clorinda, Cheney & Panning 125 
Class I — 18-footers. 
Bat, C F Adams 2d ' .868 
Bonitwo, G. H. Wightman 784 
Dorchen, A. VV. Finlay 611 
Hayseed IT. L. Bowden 591 
Aladdin, Keith Bros 381 
Fritter, A. P. Poring 370 
Nicknack, F. B. Holmes 348 
Mirage II., J’. W. Olmstead 282 
Flayseed II., H. L. Bowden 194 
Otter, A. F. Irving 167 
Gertrude II., H. E. Lynch 092 
Cuyaniel, A. W. Godfrey .087 
Little Miss, B. S. Permar 018 
Class T — 15-footers. 
Vera II., H. Lundberg 928 
Cigarette, M. F. Prince 333 
Nibelung, E. G. Poring 277 
Princess, J. P. Prince 167 
Little Misery, A. P. Poring 055 
In addition to the foregoing the following champion- 
ships are announced : First rating class, Meemer, Mr. 
R. C. Nickerson; second rating class, Opitsah III., Mr. 
W. F. Whitney ; cabin power boats over 40ft. waterline, 
Right o’ Way,^ Mr. L. R. Speare; cabin power boats 
under 40ft. waterline. Blink, Mr. C. W. Estabrook; open 
and hunting launches under 40ft. waterline, Tama, Mr. 
F. L. Dunne. 
Ketch for New Orleans. — Messrs. Small Brothers 
have an order for a shoal draft auxiliary ketch for Mr. 
J. G. Martin, of New Orleans. She will have a 20 horse- 
power engine. Her breadth will be generous and there 
will be considerable room below decks. 
Two Local Clubs at New York Conference. — The 
Eastern Y. C. and the Boston Y. C. were represented at 
the conference to revise racing rules, which was held in 
New York on Nov. 20. 
Mr. W. H. Joyce Entertains Yachtsmen.- — Last week 
Mr. W. H. Joyce, of Philadelphia, owner of the cham- 
pion 22-footer Tyro, entertained over 100 Boston men 
at a week-end stay at Philadelphia. There were several 
yachtsmen who have raced in the 22ft. class in the party. 
The Harvard-Pennsylvania football game was taken in 
on Saturday, and the party was tendered a dinner by Mr. 
Joyce. On Sunday autos were taken for a loo-mile trip 
through New Jersey, ending at Lakewood, where the 
train was taken for Boston. 
Cruiser for ' Southern Waters. — Messrs. Stearns &' 
McKay, at the Marblehead Yacht Yards, have designed 
a novel power boat for a Southern yachtsman, to be used 
for offshore and river cruising. This boat will be 41ft. 
over all, loft. breadth and of quite light jjraft. She will be 
equipped with two 12 horsepower engines Estimated to give 
her a speed of about ii miles an hour. The design shows 
a boat of generous freeboard, the sides from about amid- 
ships forward being carried up to nearly the height of the 
cabin trunk. There is a small raised pilot house, which 
really takes more of the form of a conning tower. This 
house is built very strongly to withstand the onslaughts 
of heavy seas. There are good accommodations below 
decks, and sufficient gasolene may be carried for a cruise 
of 1,000 miles. 
Passenger Boat for Mr. H. U. Hayden. — -The pas- 
senger boat which Messrs. Burgess & Packard are de- 
signing for Southern waters is for Mr. H. U. Hayden, a 
member of the Southern Y. C. She is to be 103ft. long 
and will have two Standard enginp of 100 horsepower 
each, .with which a speed of i8 miles an hour is guar- 
anteed. John B. Killeen. 
All communications for P'orest and Stream must he 
directed to Forest and Stream Pub. Co., New York, to 
receive attention. We have no other office. 
YACHTING NEWS NOTES. 
For advertising relating to this department see pages ii and iil. 
Prince Louis Guest of New York Y. C. — A reception 
was given by the New York Y. C. on Friday evening, 
Nov. 17, to Prince Louis of Battenberg and to the officers 
of the vessels of the British fleet. The club house was 
decorated with flags, palms and American Beauty roses. 
The Seventh Regiment Band played the British national 
anthem when Prince Louis reached the club house about 
midnight. Mr. George A. Cormack met Prince' Louis on 
his arrival, and, after introducing him to Commodore F. 
G. Bourne, all passed into the model room, where there 
were some 500 members and guests. It was a most rep- 
resentative gathering and the affair was by far the most 
successful ever given by the club. The America’s Cup 
was displayed on the big center table, as were the cups 
won by Mr. Wilson Marshall’s Atlantic in the ocean race 
and the Dover-Heligoland race last summer. 
New York Y. C. Nominations. — The following officers 
and committees have been nominated to serve the New 
York Y. C. for the year 1906: 
Commodore — Cornelius Vanderbilt; steam yachts 
North Star and Mirage and sloop yacht Rainbow. 
Vice-Commodore — Henry Walters ; steam yacht Narada. 
Rear Commodore — Seymour L. Husted, Jr.; schooner 
yacht Crusader II. 
Secretary — George A. Cormack. 
Treasurer — Tarrant Putnam. 
Regatta Committee — Oliver E. Cromwell, chairman ; 
H. De Berkeley Parsons and Ernest E. Lorillard, sec- 
retary. 
Measurer — Francis W. Belknap. 
House Committee — Thomas A. Bronson, chairman; 
Hunter Wykes and George A. Freeman. 
Committee on Admission — Henry C. Ward, Tracy 
Dows, Edward F. Whitney, George A. Adee and Alex- 
ander S. Cochran. 
Library Committee— T. O’Connor-Sloane, John H. 
Cole and George A. Armour. 
Model Committee — Paul Eve Stevenson, James D. 
Sparkman and Albert Bradlee Hunt. 
Committee on Club Stations and Anchorages — No-, i, 
William H. Thomas; No. 2, Henry H. Rogers; No. 3, 
Cord Meyer; No. 4, Augustus C. Tyler; No. 5, Charles 
Lane Poor; No. 6, Maximilian Agassiz; No. 7, Alfred 
C. Harrison; No. 8, Henry C. Ward; No. 9, William 
Lanman Bull; No. 10, J. Harvey Ladew; No. ii, P. G. 
Thebaud. 
The Nominating Committee is composed of the follow- 
ing members : Lewis Cass Ledyard, chairman ; J. Pier- 
pont Morgan, Philip Schuyler, Seymour L. Husted, Jr. ; 
Robert P. Doremus, George C. Clark, E. D. Morgan, F. 
L. Rodewald, F. H. von Stade and W. Butler Duncan, 
Jr., secretary. 
•I K 
The Grosse Point Ice Yacht Club, situated near 
Detroit, Mich., will hold a regatta on Lake St. Clair on 
Jan. 8 to 12, 1906. These races will be open to every 
organized ice yacht club in the world. Cups and $500 
in money prizes will be distributed. The club has 
forty-eight ice yachts in their fleet, measuring from 700 
to 300sq.ft. of sail. Forty races were held last winter. 
Most of the yachts are of the lateen -rig. The officers 
are: Com., Archie D. Michieli; Vicp-Com., Edward C. 
Vernier; Rear-Com,, Alex I. McLeod; Sec’y and Treas., 
Miner A. Gregg; Meas., U. G. Huff; Fleet Capt., John 
Kies; Fleet Surgeon, Dr. Muentz; Chairman of Race 
Committee, Gilbert Moran; Judges, Walter H. Oades, 
John H. Pringle and Herman Dietz. Eight new boats 
are now building, and a new $2,000 club house is being 
built. 
K K 
Club Delegates Discuss Racing Rules. — On the even- 
ing of Nov. 20 there met at the New York Y. C., 37 West 
Forty-fourth street. New York" city, representatives of 
the Atlantic, Eastern, Larchmont, Corinthian, of Marble- 
head ; Corinthian, of Philadelphia ; Seawanhaka-Corin- 
thian, Beverly,. Boston Y. C.’s and Y. R. A. of Long 
Island Sound. The object of the meeting was to bring 
about uniform racing rules among clubs. Now that 
nearly all American organizations are racing under a uni- 
form measurement rule it was thought advisable to amend 
the various racing rules in order to make them all alike. 
A sub-committee was. appointed to make such changes as 
might be thought necessary and advisable. ., /The follow- 
ing delegates were present: .j. 
Eastern', Y. C. — Henry Howard and Louis M.- Clark. 
Atlantic Y. C. — T. D. Wells, Hendon Chubb, John B. 
O’Donohue and Henry J. Gielow. 
. , Corinthian Y. . C., of Marblehead.— Henry A. Morss 
and Herbert S. Goodwin., , ' ' ^ . 
Corinthian Y. C., of Philadelphia.— Addison F. Ban- 
proft. . ’ . . ■ ‘ " 
Seawanhaka-Corinhtian Y. C. — Clinton ’ H. ...Crane and 
Victor I. Cumnock. •- , ... 
Boston Y. C. — Alfred Douglass and Winfield M. 
Thompson. , - ' - 
Beverly Y. C-. — R. W. Emmons, 2d, and F. A. Eustis. 
Y. R. A. of Long Island Sound. — OliveLE. Cromwell, 
Edward M. McLellan, H. W. Hanan, Colonel F. A. Hilh 
G. P. Granbery, H. de B. Parsons and C. P; Tower. 
9E It It 
Motor Boat Club of America. — The Motor Boat Club 
of America has received its certificate of' incorporation. 
An election of officers took place at the Hotel Manhattan 
on Nov. 15 and with the following result: Com., A. D. 
Proctor Smith; Vice-Corn., Frederick Sterry; Rear-Com., 
George Gillig; Sec., Hugh S. Gamble; Treas., Charles 
Francis; Board of Governors, for three years, Edward 
R, Thomas, Howard Gould; for two years, William B. 
Hayden, H. H. Behse; for one year, John J. Amory, 
George J. Vestner. The directors for the first year are 
E. R. Thomas, Proctor A. Smith, Charles P. Tower, 
Hugh S. Gamble, Charles S. Francis, H. H. Behse, John 
D. Roach, George J. Vestner and Seymour Oppenheimer. 
^mml 
— ^ — 
The Problem of Scent. 
We all know by experience that under certain condi- 
tions of weather there will probably be a scent, and on 
a hunting morning we all like to air our views and to 
make forecasts as to the scenting qualities of the day; 
but, as a rule, we are only able to give vague guesses, 
and, having no basis to go upon except similar instances 
which may occur to our mind, our prophesies are fre- 
quently unfulfilled. There can be no doubt, however, that 
there must be working rules for scent, as there are for 
all other natural phenomena. Many scientific facts have 
been known for centuries, but modern progress only dates 
from the time when, by presuming a rule from certain 
known facts, scientists were able to forecast other results, 
and so have a guide to their experiments. It would be 
far beyond my power to attempt to deduce any working 
formula for scent, but I shall endeavor to show that the 
problems which present themselves on all sides when we 
consider them are not so abstruse as they are commonly 
supposed. I shall first state certain facts which have 
been established by scientists, and then we shall see how 
far these facts help us to account for some of the 
vagaries of our subject. 
Scent itself consists of extremely minute particles given 
off from the whole of the body, which, although much too 
small to be perceived by either the organs of taste or 
touch, are readily appreciated by the organ of smell. It 
has not yet been decided whether the sense of smell de- 
pends in the first instance on a chemical or on a physical 
process. Ramsay has a theory that the sense of smell is 
excited by vibrations of a lower period than those which 
give rise to the sense of light and heat. It is, however, 
necessary that the air containing the odor be forcibly 
driven against the membrane, and that the membrane 
itself be moist; if it is dry, or too- wet, or covered with 
too thick a layer of mucus the sense is much weakened. 
The latter fact we have all experienced when we have 
had colds in the head. Any irritation, such as is pro- 
duced by dust or severe cold, will cause excess of mucus. 
We will now consider the conditions which affect the 
amount of scent or particles given off by a hunted animal. 
This amount depends on the size, nature and bodily con- 
dition of the animal, and is an important consideration, 
as the greater the number of particles, the more powerful 
is their effect on the nose of the hound. It is obvious 
that the larger the animal the greater will be the number 
of particles given off ; thus a deer has a stronger scent 
than a fox. On the other hand, the scent of certain 
smaller animals appears to be more powerful, though no 
doubt less in quantity. A careful observer of nature has 
placed these animals in order of strength of scent as fol- 
lows : I, otter; 2, martin; 3, polecat; 4, deer; 5, fox; 6, 
hare. The constitutional condition of the animal also 
affects its scent-giving capabilities, but we have little 
knowledge on the subject, beyond that the temperature of 
the body appears to exercise some influence. Thus a sit- 
ting bird, which is more or less in a state of fever, has 
very little scent, except immediately before hatching, 
when the fever subsides; similarly with a beaten fox, 
which is also in a feverish condition, the scent fails. The 
pace at which an animal is going probably influences the 
scent. Apparently when in a state of repose or in very 
slow motion there is but little discharge of effluvia from 
the body ; but with^ increase of action there is also an in- 
crease of scent. This is exemplified in the case of a squat- 
ting hare, which has practically no scent, and how often 
have foxes been drawn over and viewed after hounds 
have left the covert? There „are probably many other 
factors which affect the discharge of scent, and if we 
knew the reasons for some of the complicated maneuvers 
which hunted animals, guided by their instinct, execute, 
we should learn some curious facts in physiology. 
We now come to the forces which act on the particles 
after they have left the hunted animal. In order that 
there should be a scent it is necessary that they should 
not be scattered before the pursuer arrives, and also that 
there should be moisture to damp his olfactory nerves 
Here we have conflicting conditions, and are confronted 
by the main difficulty which prevents us from correctly 
estimating the scenting qualities of a particular day. Un- 
less the particles are held down by a heavy atmosphere 
they have- a tendency to rise above the level of a hound’s 
nose; as how often one can smell a fox oneself when 
hounds are not able to make anything of it. Now a heavy 
atmosphere means a dry one, i. e., a high barometer, but 
at the same time moisture is essential, and so to have a 
good scent these two conditions must be reconciled. Per- 
haps the best example of a favorable condition is when 
the glass jumps up suddenly after wet weather, which in 
winter usually results in a sharp frost. This is well borne 
out by the fact that many of the best runs on record have 
been immediately followed by a long frost. While on the 
subject of the weather, we must remember that a strong 
wind is a deterrent to scent, as it scatters the particles, 
the exception being when hounds run up wind, the par- 
ticles in this case being forcibly driven against the mem- 
brane, which increases the power of the scent. At the 
same time, on a perfectly still day there is generally a 
bad scent, one with a gentle breeze being more favorable. 
Thd temperature of the atmosphere and ground must also 
be taken into account; it is probably the best when they 
are much the same and not too cold. It is extremely 
difficult to arrive- at any satisfactory conclusions when 
dealing with so variable a subject as the weather, and, 
as will be seen from the above statements, we have sev- 
eral necessary conditions which are directly opposed to 
each other; it is, therefore, very hard to say when the 
perfect state is arrived at. It is quite certain that every- 
one is able to cite instances which appear to be in direct 
contradiction to what I have written. Sometimes with a 
low barometer and drenching rain we have excellent 
sport, though in this sort of weather there is seldom a 
scent in covert; again, in September and March hounds 
often run hard when the ground is as dry as a bone ; but 
so many things come in that in these cases probably the 
other conditions are favorable. Finally, there is the state 
and quality of the ground. A wet, heavy country usually 
holds a scent, and this is but natural ; on the other hand, 
when the ground is over saturated the scent seems to 
