641 
ìnto thè cavity of thè emptied tetrasporaiigium and produces a se- 
cond tetrasporangium, a process which rnay be repeated several tirnes. 
Further if Schmitz’s contention that thè tetraspores of thè Eu- 
Florideae and thè neutral spores of thè Bangiaceae are not homolo- 
gous be admitted it must be allowed that thè absence of tetraspores 
in this one group of thè Florideae is no stronger in itself as a rea- 
son for thè exclusion of thè group from thè Florideae than is thè 
presence of tetraspores in thè DicUjotacem and, potentially, in thè 
Tilopteridece a reason for thè inclusion of these two groups of un- 
doubted Phceophycece in thè Florideae. Thus tetraspores are not an 
exclusively Floridean characteristic nor are they found in all Eu- 
Florideae (e. g. some genera of Eelminthocladiacece), 
B. Sexual Reproduction. 
]. Male organs^ or Antheridia. 
In thè Eu-Florideae and in thè Bangiaceae thè male organs or 
spermatia are microscopie, nucleated, mostly spherical, and non- 
metile bodies, thè escaped contents of special fertile cells, thè sper^ 
maiangia, From M. Guignard’s observations on a number of Flori- 
deae there can be no doubt that thè spermatia are without cilia, and 
contrary to generai opinion, are, even at thè moment of escape from 
thè spermatangia, provided with an enveloping membrane. 
Schmitz sees a great difference in thè mode of origin of thè sper- 
matia in thè two groups. In thè Eu-Florideae he lays it down as a 
generai proposition that thè spermatangia are thè superficial termi- 
nal cells of fertile filaments. Several cases which appear to several 
different observers exceptions to this rule are considered by Schmitz 
explicable in harmony with it. I must refer those interested, to 
Schmitz’s paper (p. 7-9) for a detailed consideration of these cases, 
confining myself bere to a more generai statement. M. Guignard ') in 
his paper «Développement et constitution des anthérozoides » States that 
thè spermatangia are arranged in Polyides in tetrads, in chains of 
2 {Pterocladia), 4 {Hypnea) or more [Melobesia). Schmitz in reply 
States of Polyides, : «So weit ich sehen kann, fùgt sich Polyides voll- 
stàndig die allgemeinen Regeì, die ich aufgestellt batte; die Sper- 
matangien sind hier auch ausnàhmlos oberflàchlich gelagerte Faden- 
9 L. Guignard; Développement et constitution des anthérozoides (Rev. 
Gén. de Bot. I. 1889). 
