SILKWORM GRAIN. 327 
of open-air education were made in France ; sub- 
sequently many more trials were made in the same 
-country, in Italy, and in Austria; but the practical 
means were insufficient, and to Dr. Chavannes belongs 
the honour of having made this mode of education 
possible, and on my system even easy. 
With rearing on the tree the diseases disappeared ; 
there was no more "passis," "gattine," or " pedrine" 
If any worm is attacked , by one or other of these 
forms of disease, of very rare occurrence, and which 
may happen to wild caterpillars, as my experiments 
have proved to me, it does not thereby infect the 
others, and, what is more, it nearly always cures itself. 
As for the " muscardine," the most terrible of all these 
diseases, it is quite unknown. Therefore, without 
paying attention to any other system of education, I 
set myself zealously to follow up the data of 
Dr. Chavannes, and, after some years' experience, I 
have succeeded beyond all expectation. 
In practice I have gone further than Dr. Chavannes, 
as I shall explain below. As a physician and professor 
absorbed in numerous occupations, he has not had 
leisure to complete his work, but it is from him that 
the first idea has its point of departure. With educa^ 
tion on the mulberry tree for the basis, and the 
magnanerie in the open air for the complement of the 
system, I am firmly convinced that we can restore this 
beautiful branch of industry to the highest state of 
prosperity. This I ardently desire, and have great 
hopes that the London Exhibition will successfully 
help to bring this system into general use. 
By education on the tree, and especially by hyber- 
nation of the grain exposed on the branches, the wjrm 
Y 2 
