328 ON THE PRODUCTION OF 
necessarily becomes more robust, and, after some years, 
returns to a state of nature. Ultimately the larva 
has nothing to fear from violent wind, heavy rain, or 
burning sun, and remains firmly fixed on the branches 
or on the leaves. 
The pattern on the wings of the moth becomes more 
strongly marked, its movements are much more lively, 
and it makes use of its wings as much as its naturally 
sluggish nature will allow it to do. 
The open-air magnanerie, which is the natural 
sequence, and the necessary mode of general applica- 
tion of the education on the tree, also affords results as 
satisfactory as may be desired. 
We shall begin by succinctly studying the educa- 
tion on the mulberry tree, then proceed to describe 
minutely the open-air magnanerie and its education, 
and conclude with the method I have adopted for 
tending the cocoons, the coupling of the moths, the 
laying of eggs, and the grain. 
The mulberry tree from which the leaves are to be 
gathered has the head lopped and the branches 
spreading out. The case is different for one that is 
to be covered with a manchon (muff-shaped hood). It 
is then cut in a similar manner to the willow, which 
it resembles in respect to its top ; the pruning takes 
place every spring, as the shoots of the current year 
are sufficiently strong, and the manchon is not to 
assume exaggerated dimensions. Each branch of the 
preceding year is cut down to the head of the tree, 
retaining only one or two eyes ; in this manner the 
head becomes covered with a great quantity of 
young shoots, which the young larvae can easily 
reach. 
