175 
the trachea, or labyrinth appear, upon a 
careful examination the testes, an indubi- 
table mark of the male sex will invariably 
be found to accompany it. This being 
the case, the idea that such a conformation 
of the parts enables the bird to cry more 
forcibly than those which have no such con- 
struction, rests upon, but a slender 
foundation ; particularly as it is well 
known, that the note of many of the fe- 
males is much louder than that of the 
males belonging to the same species, and 
it cannot be denied, that some birds are 
able to utter loud cries without such aid : 
witness the Peacock and others. With res- 
pect to this peculiarity of structure having 
any effect in enabling the bird to dive 
with greater facility, or of remaining 
under water for a greater length of time, 
we cannot do better than quote the words 
of Dr. Latham. " No one has authentica- 
ted to us that the male is able to stay long- 
er under water than the female. Con- 
cerning the want or presence of an en- 
larged cavity, or labyrinth, as authors 
have called it, nothing can better suit our 
