35 
epoch in India. This species is remarkable for the length cf its 
tusks, in this specimen ten feet long. 
Pedestal 6.— Complete skeleton of Mastodon from South- 
ern Michigan. This was the earliest of elephant-like mammals, 
differing from the elephant in having a more elongated body, 
shorter and stronger limbs, flatter cranium and less complex 
molars. The grinding surfaces of the molars were more or less 
tubercular, in contrast to the ridges which characterize the teeth 
of the elephant. Hence comes the name, mastodon — nipple tooth. 
The animal probably had no hairy covering to enable it to endure 
a rigorous climate as did the mammoth. It inhabited chiefly the 
temperate regions of the United States, where its remains are 
found in abundance. 
Pedestal 7.— Cast of the skull of Mastodo7i from the Pleis- 
tocene beds, Orange County, New York. Behind it, casts of its 
femur and of the head and femur of Diprotodon , an ancient kan- 
garoo of the size of a hippopotamus. 
Pedestal #. — Skeleton of the Irish Deer , from Limerick, 
Ireland— a Post-Pliocene deer of great size, the bones of which 
are found in marl beneath peat beds in Ireland and England. 
The antlers of this animal have a spread of seven feet, and its 
height was nearly eight feet. 
Case 11, Hall 35.— Tertiary and Quaternary fossils. 
Case 11 A. — Fossil turtles of the Tertiary period, including 
carapaces of Stylemys from Nebraska and of Testudo from South 
Carolina; also turtle eggs from France. 
Cases 11B and C. — The Cetacea, or whales of this period, 
are illustrated by vertebrae of the Zeuglodon. These animals 
were probably seventy feet in length. Their bones are so common 
in many places in the South as to be used by farmers for building 
fences. 
There are also shown many remains of mammals from the 
Green river, Wyoming, beds, including skulls of the Oreodon , an 
animal which has been described as “a ruminating hog,” and 
jaws, vertebrae, and limb bones of the Titanotheriiun , an animal 
allied to the Dinoceras. Also skulls of M esohippus , which was a 
three-toed mammal about the size of a sheep, believed to be one 
of the ancestors of the modern horse. 
Cases 11D and E. — Quaternary fossils. Leg bones of 
