36 
Eurypteryx , Mesopteryx , and other birds. These were post- 
glacial birds living in New Zealand. Large shells of Ostrea, or 
oyster, from the marl beds of North Carolina. Other inverte- 
brates of this age. 
Case 11F. — Bones of the post-glacial hippopotamus, which 
lived at this time in England. Leg bones of bison from the same 
region. 
Case 11G. — Teeth of ancient elephants — Mammoth and 
Mastodon. 
Note the great number of cross ridges in the teeth of the 
mammoth and the tubercular surface of the teeth of the mastodon. 
The latter indicate that the movement of the jaw of the mastodon 
was vertical like that of carnivores, rather than lateral, like that 
of herbivores in general. 
Teeth and bones of the mammoth found in Alaska are shown 
here, indicating that it once inhabited the regions near the pole. 
Carnivores , illustrated by skull of Ursus speloeus or cave bear. 
This was a bear of great size, frequently not less than nine feet in 
length, the remains of which are found in Europe in caves with 
human bones. It was evidently contemporaneous with early man, 
but has been extinct since historical times. Remains of Homo 
sapiens , or man, found in a cave on the island of Crete — proba- 
bly very ancient. Casts of the Neanderthal and Engis skulls, 
the former of which has given rise to much discussion because 
of its flattened form. This has been held by some to prove that 
early man was a being intermediate between man and the ape. 
The skull has, however, about the average human brain capacity. 
Floor of Hall 35, Pedestal 1. — Restoration of Glyp- 
todon clavipes. This was a giant Edentate, allied to the Arma- 
dillo. It existed during Quaternary times in South America. 
The specimen is io feet in length, its carapace having a length 
of 5 feet. 
Pedestal 2. — Restoration of Megatherium Cuvieri . This 
was another South American Edentate of the Quaternary epoch, 
which had one hundred times the bulk of any living species of 
this order. The genus had a wide range during this period, as 
shown by its bones being found as far north as South Carolina. It 
was a huge, clumsy beast, its enormous femur, three times as 
thick as an elephant’s, being used for supporting the animal while 
with its fore limbs it tore down branches of trees for food. 
