33 
Such remains, with others that are found, indicate that a sub- 
tropical climate, like that of Florida, prevailed at this period over 
the Northern United States. Even as far north as Greenland, 
the climate was so mild that cypress and cedar trees grew in 
profusion. 
Nummiilites. — These are abundant and characteristic fossils 
of this period. They are shells of a Rhizopod, which in Europe 
and Africa form limestones many thousand feet in thickness. 
Case lO. — Among univalve mollusks many modern types 
will be recognized — Turritella^ Natica^ Cerithiurn, S trombus, etc. 
Fishes belonging to the order of Teteosts, or osseous fishes, are 
illustrated by many specimens from the Green riverbeds — Pris- 
carara^ Diplomystus, etc. These are of modern types and related 
to the perch, herring and the like. 
Sharks of enormous size also existed. Teeth of the Carchar- 
odon are common fossils, and specimens may be seen in this 
case. 
iFloorof Hall 36, Pedestal 1.— A restoration showing 
the jaws of Carcharodon, and within these, for comparison, the 
jaws of a modern shark. The ancient Carcharodon was probably 
50 to 70 feet in length. 
Pedestal 2. — Restoration of Hadrosaurus from the Upper 
Cretaceous of New Jersey. This was a huge land reptile, 28 feet 
in length, allied to the Iguanodon. It was probably a vegetable 
feeder, and able to stand and walk after the manner of birds. 
Pedestal 3. — Restoration of a skeleton of Dmoceras, This 
was a five-toed Ungulate of elephantine size, but had no proboscis, 
and was probably like the rhinoceros in its habits. It is marked 
by three pairs of protuberances on its skull which probably bore 
horns. In spite of the size of the animal its brain capacity was 
very small — only one-eighth that of a modern horse, as shown by 
a cast. Case iiD. 
Pedestal 4. — Head of Dinotherium (cast). This was a huge 
animal with a skull three feet long, herbivorous, and remarkable 
for two long tusk-like teeth, projecting downwards. It combined 
the characteristics of the elephant, hippopotamus, tapir and 
dugong. A cast of its femur may be seen near by. 
Pedestal 5. — A restoration of the skull of Elephas ga7iesa, 
one of seven species of elephants existing during the Miocene 
