DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY 
SI 
Lignites, chiefly from the western United States, South 
America, England, and Roumania; 
Bituminous coals, from the United States, Australia, 
England and Wales, and Westphalia and Saarbriicken, Germany. 
With the latter series the associated rocks are shown, and the 
whole forms a typical series illustrating the rocks of a coal basin. 
Anthracite coals, chiefly from Pennsylvania and Colorado. 
Cannel coals. 
The grading and cleaning of coal by washing as performed 
in Germany is represented by a complete series. 
A section of a coal seam five feet in thickness, from the Bore 
Hole seam, Duckenfield and Merthyr collieries. New South Wales, 
serves to give an impression of how coal beds lie in the ground. 
Peat and its uses are represented by several varieties of raw 
peat and stages in the process of making a fuel from it and of 
manufacturing it into textile fabrics and paper. Several other 
uses of peat are also illustrated. 
Large blocks of asphalts and coal are shown apart from the 
systematic series of specimens. 
Hall 71. 
PETROLEUM AND ITS DERIVATIVES. 
This hall contains a very complete collection made by the 
Standard Oil Company to illustrate modes of occurrence of the 
mineral oils of the United States, the methods used for distilling 
and refining them, and the products obtained. It contains 
specimens of crude oil from the majority of the pools in the 
United States; specimens of various oil-bearing sands and min- 
erals of the oil strata; models of oil refineries, and a complete 
series of the products of petroleum. By following the order 
given below, the visitor will find illustrated: (i) The natural 
history of petroleum; (2) its manufactured products, and 
(3) the uses or application of these. 
The specimens of crude petroleum are arranged to show 
gradations of color, this being seen to vary from black, through 
shades of dark green and brown to amber, the greenish-brown 
being most common. 
Tubes filled with drillings from the successive strata passed 
through in search for oil, illustrate the material through which 
oil wells are drilled in the Pennsylvania oil fields. One of these 
