BOTANY AND PLANT ECONOMICS 85 
Hat Palm Family {CyclanthacecE) . 
Case 39. — Left half. Note the split leaf of the Panama- 
hat Palm {Carludovica palmata) and the prepared “Jipijapa” 
for hat making. This is not a true palm but a connecting link 
between the Palms and the Aroids. • 
Pondweed Family {Pontederiacece). 
Case 39. — Left half. A small family of water plants no 
member of which has so far been utilized in the arts or indus- 
tries of the world. 
The Rush Family {Juncacecs) 
Case 39. — Left half. Note the “grass matting” or Rush 
matting manufactured from the stems {culms) of the common 
rush {Juncus effusus). 
The Calla Family {Aracecc). 
Case 39. — Left half. A large family of water-loving plants 
typified by the common Calla “lily” of the gardens. Note the 
root of the Jack-in-the-pulpit {Arisccma triphyllum), the Skunk 
Cabbage {Spathyema foetida) and the Sweet Flag {A corns cala- 
mus) used in medicines; also starches obtained from the Ele- 
phant’s Ear {Colocasia esculenta). 
The Pineapple Family {BromeliacecB), 
Case 39. — Right half. Note the photograph showing the 
habit of a large number of the members of this family of growing 
upon the branches of trees after the manner of parasites. They 
are, however, air plants, simply anchored on the trees. Note 
the “Tumbariche” of Mexico the fruits of Bromelia pinguin, 
small acid “pineapples” used for making a refreshing drink. 
Note the fiber of various species of Pineapples {Ananassa) , and 
that of the Old Man’s Beard {Tillandsia usneoides), the well 
known Spanish Moss of the southern states, utilized extensively 
as a stuffing for mattresses and other upholstery. 
The Lily Family {Liliacecc). 
Case 40. — Various liliaceous fibers: Bow string Hemp 
{Sansevieria guineensis) with cordage and an ornamental screen 
mat of the Ceylonese S. zeylanica\ the Bear Grass of the south- 
western United States {Yucca filamentosa) and its fiber; also 
the fibers of Spanish Bayonet {Yucca aloifolia), Texas Bear 
