7 
been iriaii}- forms of these macliiues, but all ou the same geueral prin- 
ciple. 
In Colorado, also, machines have been used to good advantage, most 
of them having for their object the burning of the young insects. Mr. 
J. Iletzel, of Lougmont, uses a burner drawn by horses. It is 12 feet 
long, 2 to 2.J feet wide, and made of iron, set on runners 4 inches high. 
An open grate on the top of the runners is filled with pitch-pine wood, 
and a sheet covers the grate to keep the heat down. The grate is gen- 
erally made with a net-work of heavy wire, such as telegraph-wire. Two 
men and a team will burn 10 to 12 acres a day, and kill two-thirds of 
the insects, but it requires a hot fire. Mr. C. C. Horner gives in the 
Colorado Farmer the following more detailed description of a machine 
which works on the same principle : 
It consists of three runners made of 2x4 scantling 3 feet iu length, to be placed 6 
feet apart, uiaking the machine 12 feet wide, runners to be bound together by three flat 
straps or bars of iron (the base being 12 feet long). Across the top, bars of iron hold 
the runners firmly together and form a frame across which wire can be worked, to maiie 
a grate to hold tire. The upper part of the runners should be hollowed out so that the 
grate may glide along within 2 inches of the ground. A sheet-iron arch should be set 
over this grate to drive the heat downward. This machine is very light, and can be 
worked with one horse. Pitch-wood is best adapted to burning, and can bo chopped 
the right length and size and left in piles where most convenient when needed. This 
machine is intended to bo used when the little 'hoppers just make their appearance 
along the edge of the grain, going over the ground once or twice each day, or as often 
as necessary to keep them killed off. The scorching does not kill the griiiu but makes 
it a few days later. This is certainly the cheapest manner of getting rid of this pest, 
as well as the most eti'ectual. 
Mr. Kufus Clark, of Denver, according to the same paper, u.ses a piece 
of oil-cloth 9 to 12 feet long and G feet wide. One side and each end are 
secured to light wooden strips by common carpet-tacks, and the corners 
strengthened by braces. The oil-cloth is smeared with coal-tar, pur- 
chased at the l)enver gas-works for $7.50 i)er barrel, and the trap is 
dragged over the ground by two men, a cord about 10 feet long being 
fastened to the front corners for that purpose. The entire expense of the 
" trap" is about $3.50, and as it is light and easily handled, will be found 
serviceable ou small as well as large farms. Ziuc, instead of oil-cloth, 
Las also been used for the same purpose. 
When the insects are famishing, it is useless to try and protect plants 
by any application whatever, though spraying them with a mixture of 
kerosene and warm water is the best protection we have tried, and will 
measurably answer when the insects are not too numerous or ravenous. 
The best means of protecting fruit and shade trees deserves separate 
consideration. Where tie truuLs aie smooth and perpendicular they may 
be protected by whitewashing. The lime crumbles under the feet of the 
insects as they attempt to climb, and prevents their getting up. By 
their persistent efibrts, however, they gradually wear off the lime and 
reach a higher point each day, so that the whitewashing must be often 
repeated. Trees with short, rough trunks, or which lean, are not very 
well protected in this way. A strip of smooth, bright tin answers even 
letter ibr the same purpose. A strip 3 or 4 inches wide brought around 
and tacked to a smooth tree will protect it, while ou rougher trees a 
piece of old rope may first be tacked around the tree and the tin tacked 
to it, so as to leave a portion both above and below. Passages betweeu 
the tin and rope or the rope and tree can theu be blocked by tilling the 
upper area between tin and tree with earth. The tin must be high 
e.iough from the ground to prevent the 'hoppers from jumping from the 
latter beyond it, and the trunk below the tin, where the insects collect, 
shou'd be covered with some greasy or poisonous substances to prevent 
f 
