of Edinburgh^ Session 1863-64. 161 
some interest. He furnished himself with accurate thermometers 
made for the purpose, and, during the month of August, carefully 
observed the temperatures of several of the springs visited by 
Principal Forbes in 1835. In the tables which are distributed 
through the paper, the temperatures of the springs are given as 
recorded by different observers at various periods between the 
years 1835 and 1863. From these records it would appear that 
whilst there is perhaps in no instance a general or permanent 
change of temperature, neither is there in any an undeviating 
temperature. It is probable that the temperatures of the springs 
in the interior of the globe have undergone no change, and that 
the changes observable upon the surface of the earth are due to 
superficial causes, such as external temperature, the infiltration of 
cold surface water, &c. To a certain extent, an allowance must 
be made for inaccuracies ; for it is scarcely to be supposed that all 
the observers dipped their thermometers exactly at the same points, 
nor does the author know that in all cases the instruments em- 
ployed were without errors. 
3. On Human Crania allied in Anatomical Characters to 
the Engis and Neanderthal Skulls. By Win. Turner, 
M.B., Senior Demonstrator of Anatomy in the University. 
The Author compared the above crania with various human 
skulls which had come under his observation. He exhibited a 
skull brought by Mr Henry Duckworth, F.G-.S., from St Acheul 
near Amiens, which in its general contour presented a striking 
resemblance to the Engis skull. The St Acheul skull was somewhat 
smaller, being probably that of a female. It might almost have 
been regarded as a reduced copy of the Engis skull. There was no 
evidence that the skull from St Acheul was of an earlier date than 
the G-allo-Eoman period of French history. The Neanderthal 
skull was compared with several modern crania, mostly British, 
especially with reference to the projection of the supra-orbital 
ridges, the retreating forehead, and the slight convexity of the 
occipital region. He exhibited several skulls which were closely 
allied to it in one or other of these features. It was shown also that 
