356 Proceedings of the Royal Society 
and published on the scale of one inch to a mile, no county is sur- 
veyed until its six-inch maps are ready for use. By this means a 
much more detailed and accurate map is given than if all the 
minutise of a difficult district had to he surveyed upon so small a 
scale as that of one inch to a mile. 
The survey of Scotland was begun by Professor A. 0. Eamsay, 
the local director, towards the close of 1854. East Lothian was 
selected as the point of commencement best suited for the in- 
vestigation of the Lothian coal-fields, and the work was carried 
steadily westward from the older Silurian rocks into the coal-basin. 
Much inconvenience arose, however, from the backward state of 
the Ordnance maps. In Haddingtonshire, all the sheets were un- 
finished, and those of Berwickshire were not even engraved. 
Hence the map containing the earliest labours of the survey — the 
geology of East Lothian — had to lie aside for several years until 
the Ordnance sheets of Berwickshire could be obtained to complete 
it. The westward progress of the survey was at last abruptly 
stopped by the want of the maps of Stirlingshire. The work was 
then transferred to Fife, and nearly the whole of that county and 
of Kinross was completed by the end of the year 1861. But only 
the eastern part could be published ; nor was it until last spring 
that the sheets of Perthshire, still far from being complete, were 
obtained to allow of the Fife work being finished. That map is 
now in the hands of the engraver. 
As no further advance could be made either to the north or west, 
the only available direction was the south. Accordingly, in the 
early part of 1862, the survey of Peeblesshire and Lanarkshire was 
begun, and at the end of 1863, an area of 432 square miles was 
ready for the engraver, including Peeblesshire, with parts of Lanark 
and Selkirk. On application to the Ordnance Survey, however, it 
was found that though all the six-inch maps of the county of 
Peebles had been some time published, and an outline map on the 
one-inch scale was also engraved, the one-inch shaded map, on which 
the geological information is inserted, would not be ready for two 
years. This large area, therefore, remains unpublished, and cannot 
make its appearance until the one-inch shaded map is completed. 
It had been earnestly desired that the surveys of the great 
central coal-fields should first be prosecuted, but the delay in the 
