364 Proceedings of the Boyal Society 
traced and mapped by the Survey over a considerable area, their 
origin is still involved in great uncertainty. In the uplands of 
Peeblesshire, beautiful glacier moraines have been found, shewing 
the existence in these high grounds of a group of valley- glaciers 
after the re-elevation of the land.* Others, on a still larger scale, 
occur among the high grounds of the south-west of Ayrshire. 
In the course of the explorations of the Survey, proofs of vast 
denudation have everywhere been met with, leading to the con- 
clusion that the present inequalities of the surface — our hills and 
valleys, plains and river-gorges, are not directly due to upheaval 
and subsidence, or to fractures of the earth’s crust, hut must be 
attributed mainly to the unequal wearing away of the rocks by the 
sea, rain, springs, streams, and glacier-ice. 
This address was illustrated by an exhibition of all the published 
maps, sections, and memoirs made by the Greological Survey in 
Scotland, by a large map, on the scale of one inch to a mile, 
shewing all the work which has been done, both published and 
unpublished, and by enlarged sections to explain the structure of 
the Ochil and Pentland Hills. f 
The following Communication was read 
On a New Bituminous Substance, imported under the name 
of Coal from Brazil. By T. C. Archer, Esq. 
This material was brought from Brazil to Liverpool, for the pur- 
pose of ascertaining its commercial value in this country. The 
importers submitted it to Dr Edwards, who reported that it yields 
a much larger percentage of oil than even the celebrated coal of 
Torbane Hill. 
The crude oil of the first distillation has a sp. gr. of '859. 
On redistillation, a light and heavy oil are obtained from the 
crude oil. 
They have been carefully examined by Dr Young, who has given an 
account of them in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society for 1864. 
t It is not usual to publish the results of the Geological Survey until they 
appear in the authorised and official form. In the present instance, I am 
indebted to the courtesy of the director-general, Sir Koderick I. Murchison 
who at once most cordially gave his sanction to the publication of the above 
abstract in the Proceedings of the Society. 
