374 
Proceedings of the Royal Society 
4. On the Tertiary Coals of New Zealand. By W. Lauder 
Lindsay, M.D., F.L.S., Honorary Fellow of the Philo- 
sophical Institute of Canterbury, New Zealand. 
In 1861-62 the author visited and examined several of the Ter- 
tiary coal-measures of New Zealand; and the paper, of which this 
is an abstract, contains, or consists of, an epitome of his observa- 
tions thereon. The collections of specimens made during his excur- 
sions, with relative maps and other illustrations, were exhibited to 
the Society at their Conversazione of 25th February 1863. A suite 
of coal specimens was submitted to chemical analysis by Professor 
Murray Thomson, the results of which are included in the paper. 
The Tertiary coals of Otago are described ; as being typical or re- 
presentative of those of the other New Zealand provinces. Their 
characters or qualities are contrasted with those of the 
1. Tertiary Coals of Auckland and Nelson, New Zealand. 
2. Tertiary Coals of Europe. 
GlanzJwhle of G-ermany. 
Broivn Coals, or Lignites, of 
a. The Danube, Hungary, and Transylvania. 
h. Bohemia and the Khine. 
c. Bovey-Tracey, Devonshire. 
Surturhrand of Iceland. 
3. Mesozoic and Palaeozoic Coals of Canterbury and Nelson, New 
Zealand. 
4. Palaeozoic Coals of New South Wales and Britain. 
I. Toggograyliy and Extent. — Tertiary coal deposits occur more 
or less abundantly in most of the New Zealand provinces ; 
especially, however, in Otago, Nelson, Canterbury, and Auckland. 
Occasionally they form belts extending for great distances, some- 
times as much as fifty to one hundred miles, along sea-coasts or 
river banks. More generally, they are localised in isolated or cir- 
cumscribed inland basins. Usually they occupy plains or valleys at 
low elevations. Sometimes, however, they are to be found at heights 
of several hundred, or even thousand, feet on the flanks of hills. 
