of Edinburgh, Sessio7i 1864 - 65 . 379 
the N orth Island ; and of other exogenous trees : — frequently 
silicified like the fossil wood of Antigua. 
h. The leaves of various exogenous trees of the orders appa- 
rently of Lauracem and Cycadaceoe (genera allied to Laurus 
and Zamid ) — frequently, like the wood, beautifully silicified 
and preserved ; of endogenous trees, chiefly of the family 
Palmaceoe ; and of arborescent or large-fronded ferns. 
Most of the fossil plants of the New Zealand Tertiaries are ap- 
parently extinct species ; but, as in the parallel case of the fauna, a 
few may be referable to living forms. 
XI. Fauna of the Goal Measures. — Mostly marine, including — 
a. Cetacece ; bones. 
h. Fish of the shark family (teeth) : genera Lamna, Carcharias, 
Oxyrhina. 
c. Echinoderms : Brissus, Schizaster, Hemipatagus. 
d. Mollusca : species of the following genera : — • 
Ostrea, 
Pecten, 
Terehratula, 
Natica, 
Voluta, 
Purpura, 
Trochita, 
Turho, 
Grassatella, 
. Dentalium, 
Struthiolaria, 
Scalaria, 
Waldheimia. 
The general Tertiary Fauna includes in addition : — 
Cardium, Gyrena 
Cuculloea, Melania 
Mytilus, 
I fresh- water. 
While the major portion are extinct species, some are identical with 
existing forms. 
XII. Fossilisation of Vegetation at the present day . — Instances are 
given of Tree Beds at various depths below the soil, and at various 
elevations on the mountains ; of the fossilisation of drift-iuood, 
leaves and seeds in swamp clays: of the submergence of Kauri or other 
orests — that are being, or have been, converted into Lignite on the 
western coasts (which are undergoing a process of subsidence ) : 
